钻地风药材质量标准研究

范东生　黄健　阮婧华　辛加敏　夏青　查鑫　李玲

【摘要】目的：为完善钻地风药材质量标准提供依据。方法：按照《中国药典》2015版要求，对钻地风药材组织进行显微观察，并对钻地风药材水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分和浸出物测定。结果：9批钻地风药材具有相似的显微特征;水分为11.4%～14.1%;总灰分为2.1%～7.1%;酸不溶性灰分为0.6%～2.7%;稀乙醇浸出物为21.5%～44.8%。结论：显微鉴别为钻地风鉴别提供依据，水分、灰分、酸不溶灰分和稀乙醇浸出物为其品质提供保障，为钻地风质量标准提升提供实验依据。

【关键词】钻地风;显微鉴别;水分;灰分;醇溶性浸出物

【中图分类号】R284.1 【文献标志码】 A【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）23-0045-03

Study on Quality Standard for roots of Rubus ellipticus Smith var.obcordatus

FAN Dongsheng HUANG Jian RUAN Jinghua XIN Jiamin XIA Qing ZHA Xin LI Ling^*

The first Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Guizhou Province，GuiYang 550001，China

Abstract：Objective To establish a quality standard for roots of Rubus ellipticus Smith var. obcordatus， which is one of the common medical herbs in Guizhou. Methods According to the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia， the identification characteristics of roots of Rubus ellipticus Smith var. obcordatus are studied by medicinal material identification and microscopical identification， and the moisture， and total ash， acid-insoluble ash and alcohol extract of 9 batch of samples were also measured. Results the results showed that microstructure characteristics of 9 batch of samples was similar， the contents of moisture， total ash， acid insoluble ash and alcohol extracts were 11.4%～14.1%， 2.1%～7.1%， 0.6%～2.7% and 21.5%～44.8%， respectively. Conclusion Microscopic identification provides a basis for qualitative discrimination of samples， water， ash， acid-insoluble ash and dilute ethanol extract provide guarantee for its quality. Therefore， this study can provide an experimental basis for improving the quality standards of Zuandifeng.

Key words：Rubus ellipticus Smith var. obcordatus; Microscopic Identification; Moisture; Ash; Alcohol Extracts

鉆地风为栽秧泡Rubus ellipticus Smith var. obcordatus（Franch.）Focke的干燥根，又称黄锁梅根、黄泡刺根、黄泡等^[1-2]。始载于《滇南本草》，主要分布在贵州、云南、广西、四川^[2]，其味涩、微酸，性温，具有通经活络、收敛止泻之功效，用于筋骨疼痛，痿软麻木，久痢，腹泻等^[1]。

钻地风主要含有三萜及皂苷类化学成分^[3]，Li等^[4]从钻地风乙醇提取液中分离到31个三萜及三萜皂苷类化合物，其中10个为新的三萜皂苷（Rubusides A-I），部分化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。左国营等^[5]从钻地风乙醇提取物中分离得到12个三萜及三萜皂苷类化合物，如熊果酸、坡模酸、蔷薇酸、野蔷薇苷、悬钩子苷A-H。在贵州各民族钻地风水煎液主要用于治疗筋骨疼痛和肢体麻木;在毕节苗族，与黑骨藤合用用于治疗风湿痹痛;在罗甸布依族，与朝天罐合用用于治疗久痢^[6]。在云南，傣族用钻地风根治疗小儿消化不良和腹泻，景颇族用其根治疗痢疾，还用于治疗黄水疮^[7]。……