王海鹏 常艳文 谢永霞 李宁



摘 要:近年来,随着经济社会的不断发展,人民生活水平不断提高,机动车保有量和非道路移动机械呈现高速增长态势,车辆尾气排放已成为制约区域空气质量改善的重要因素。通过对安阳市移动源排放情况调查,摸清了各类移动源数量、结构和分布状况,掌握了移动源污染物排放情况,着重分析与探讨了移动源污染物中氮氧化物和挥发性有机物的污染特征及分布结构,并借鉴国内、外先进经验和做法,提出了有针对性的防治对策。
关键词:移动源 污染物排放 污染防治 对策
中图分类号:X734.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)06(c)-0056-05
Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the number of motor vehicles and non road mobile machinery show a trend of rapid growth. Vehicle exhaust emission has become an important factor restricting the improvement of regional air quality. Through the investigation of the emission of mobile sources in Anyang City, the quantity, structure and distribution of various mobile sources are found out, the emission of mobile source pollutants is mastered, the pollution characteristics and distribution structure of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in mobile source pollutants are emphatically analyzed and discussed, and the targeted prevention and control countermeasures are put forward based on the advanced experience and practices at home and abroad.
Key Words: Mobile source; Pollutant discharge; Pollution prevention and control; Countermeasures
移动污染源(以下简称移动源)排放是位置随时间变化的空气污染源[1-2],主要包括机动车、非道路机械、船舶、火车和飞机等[3]。10年来,我国机动车保有量快速增长,随着产业转型升级和燃煤污染防治力度加大[4-5],工业和燃煤排放占比下降,移动源排放污染日益凸显,已成為空气污染的重要来源[6-9]。因此,摸清各类移动源数量、结构和分布状况,掌握移动源污染物排放情况,进一步加强移动源监管和污染防治,为改善环境质量和环境经济综合决策提供基本依据,对打赢蓝天保卫战、柴油货车污染治理攻坚战具有重要意义[9]。
1 机动车
1.1 保有量现状及近十年变化
本次调查,机动车共分四大类:载客汽车、载货汽车、三轮汽车及低速载货车、摩托车。据2018年调查数据显示,安阳市四大类机动车保有量总共计819 600辆,其中载客汽车675246万辆,载货汽车60361辆,三轮汽车及低速载货车13149辆,摩托车70844辆。……