高速公路道路桥梁设计中存在的问题及应对措施

吴军

摘 要：近年来，我国高速公路交通行业中，道路桥梁是十分重要的基础设施，居民对桥梁建设的需求也越来越高。只有真正做好了道路桥梁的设计工作，才能保证道路桥梁工程的施工质量。但目前，高速公路道路桥梁设计中仍存在诸多问题，例如，高速公路道路桥梁设计与实际施工相脱节，高速公路道路桥梁设计所依托的理论体系不完善，高速公路道路桥梁设计中建筑和结构设计协调不充分，轻视工程耐久度及承载能力。为了解决这些问题，设计单位在设计时要考虑施工的可行性;加强理论体系更新，有效满足实际设计工作需要;加强高速公路道路桥梁设计工程中建筑专业与结构专业的协调;重视工程耐久性及安全性设计。

关键词：高速公路;道路桥梁设计;安全隐患;应对措施

中图分类号：U412;U442.5文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）15-0101-03

Abstract： In recent years， in China's expressway transportation industry， roads and bridges are very important infrastructure， and residents' demand for bridge construction is becoming higher and higher. Only by doing a good job in the design of roads and bridges can we ensure the construction quality of roads and bridges. However， at present， there are still many problems in the design of Expressway roads and bridges. For example， the design of Expressway roads and bridges is divorced from the actual construction， the theoretical system relied on in the design of Expressway roads and bridges is imperfect， the coordination between architectural and structural design in the design of Expressway roads and bridges is insufficient， and the engineering durability and bearing capacity are despised. In order to solve these problems， the design unit should consider the feasibility of construction in the design; Strengthen the renewal of theoretical system to effectively meet the needs of actual design work; Strengthen the coordination between architecture specialty and structure specialty in Expressway road and bridge design engineering; Pay attention to engineering durability and safety design.

Keywords： expressway;road and bridge design;potential safety hazard;countermeasures

1 我国高速公路道路桥梁设计发展现状

随着我国经济的不断发展，我国高速公路道路桥梁逐渐由木质结构、石质结构发展为钢筋混凝土结构、钢结构等。钢材和混凝土结构强度高、抗压能力强、承受荷载能力强，但是混凝土和沥青路面抗折、抗剪能力差，再加上多数暴露于外部环境中，车辆数量增加迅速且超载现象多发，以及混凝土配合比控制不严格，施工不规范、验收不合格等，容易出现道路桥面开裂的问题，大大增加了维护成本。目前，我国高速公路仍在不断发展，今后十几年，中國将投入4.7万亿元，到2030年建成总规模为40.1万km的国家公路网。……