正畸联合种植术治疗前牙缺失的美学效果及相关功能改善情况研究

何晶　王智勇　叶涛

[摘要]目的：分析正畸聯合种植术治疗前牙缺失的美学效果与牙齿相关功能的改善情况。方法：选择2017年1月-2020年1月笔者科室收治的74例前牙缺失患者为研究对象，随机分为对照组和实验组，每组37例。对照组采用义齿种植术进行治疗，实验组在对照组的基础上联合正畸进行治疗，两组术后均随访6个月。统计两组术后6个月牙齿美观效果和满意度，比较两组术前和术后6个月口腔功能，观察两组随访期间不良反应发生情况。结果：术后6个月，实验组前牙覆盖与覆牙合良好率（100.00%）、后牙咬合状况良好率（97.30%）和牙齿排列整齐率（100.00%）显著高于对照组（89.49%、81.08%、83.78%，P<0.05）;且实验组边缘密合检查满意率（94.59%）、牙形态检查满意率（97.30%）、面容检查满意率（89.19%）、美观检查满意率（94.59%）均显著高于对照组（75.68%、81.08%、67.57%、72.97%，P<0.05）。与术前比较，术后6个月两组咀嚼功能、吞咽功能、语言功能评分均显著升高，且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。随访期间，实验组总不良反应发生率为10.81%，显著低于对照组的32.42%，具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：采用正畸联合种植术治疗前牙缺失患者，可有效提高患者牙齿美观度，改善患者口腔功能，并降低不良反应的发生，患者满意度较高。

[关键词]前牙缺失;口腔正畸;种植术;美学效果;口腔功能

[中图分类号]R783.5    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455（2021）09-0167-03

Effect of Orthodontic Combined Implantation on Aesthetics and Related Functions of Anterior Teeth Loss

HE Jing，WANG Zhi-yong，YE Tao

（Department of Stomatology， Jingmen Second People's Hospital， Jingmen 448000， Hubei， China）

Abstract： Objective To analyze the effect of orthodontic combined implantation on aesthetics and related functions of anterior teeth loss. Methods  From January 2017 to January 2020， 74 patients with anterior teeth loss in our hospital were selected as the research objects， and they were divided into the control group and the experimental group by random number table method， with 37 cases in each group. The control group was treated with denture implantation， while the experimental group was treated with orthodontic treatment on the basis of the control group. Both groups were followed up for 6 months. The aesthetic effect of teeth and the satisfaction of various examinations were counted 6 months after operation; the function of the teeth of the two groups was compared before and 6 months after operation， and the occurrence of adverse reactions of the two groups during the follow-up period was observed. Results  6 months after the operation， the rate of good anterior tooth coverage and maxillary overbite （100.00%）， good posterior occlusal condition （97.30%） and teeth alignment rate （100.00%） in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group （89.49%， 81.08%， 83.78%， P<0.05）. And the satisfaction rates of edge closeness examination （94.59%）， dental morphology examination （97.30%）， facial appearance examination （89.19%） and aesthetic examination （94.59%） in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group （75.68%， 81.08%， 67.57% and 72.97%， P<0.05）. The scores of masticatory function， swallowing function and language function in both groups were significantly higher than those in the control group 6 months after the operation （P<0.05）. During follow-up， the incidence of total adverse reactions in the experimental group was 32.42%， higher than that in the control group （10.81%， P<0.05）. Conclusion  The treatment of patients with anterior teeth loss by orthodontic combined implantation could effectively improve the aesthetics of patients' teeth， improve their function of the teeth， reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions， and increase their satisfaction.

Key words：anterior teeth loss; orthodontic; implant placement; aesthetic effect; oral function

前牙缺失是口腔科临床常见的一种疾病，主要由牙尖周疾病、先天发育不良和外部伤害所导致，影响患者面部美观度及生活质量[1]。义齿种植术是临床治疗前牙缺失的常见方法，但其美观效果和其执行的口腔功能受邻牙的影响，因此，对缺失牙的邻牙倾斜或伸长情况进行矫正是确保义齿种植的关键[2]。正畸是一个对牙齿进行矫正的过程，其可通过对缺失牙邻牙进行矫正而巩固前牙缺失种植术的治疗效果[3-4]。本研究采用正畸联合种植术对前牙缺失患者进行治疗，分析其对前牙缺失患者的美学效果及相关功能改善情况。

1  资料和方法

1.1 一般资料：选择2017年1月-2020年1月笔者单位收治的74例前牙缺失患者为研究对象，随机分为对照组和实验组，每组37例。……