马海丽 殷春 秦占毅

摘 要 通过在黄斑星天牛化学防治区和对照区建立临时标准地,调查树下黄斑星天牛死亡成虫数、刻槽数、3龄以下活幼虫数、3龄以上活幼虫数、羽化孔数等,进行黄斑星天牛化学防治效果的研究,结果表明:“树干注药+树冠喷药”有机结合的防治措施可使树下黄斑星天牛死亡成虫率达到52.1%,刻槽减退率达到89.1%,3龄以下幼虫减退率达到94.3%,且防治效果不受限于天牛重度、中度、轻度发生区。
关键词 黄斑星天牛;化学防治;死亡成虫率;减退率
中图分类号:S763.38 文献标识码:A doi:10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.017
Abstract The number of dead adults under the tree,the number of grooves,the number of live larvae below 3rd instar,the number of live larvae above 3rd instar,the number of emergence holes,etc. were investigated by establishing temporary standards in the chemical control zone and the control zone statistical analysis shows that the organic combination of “trunk injection + canopy spray” chemical control measures of Anoplophora maculatus can make relative to the dead adult rate under the tree reach 52.1%,the groove reduction rate reach 89.1%,and the larvae below 3rd instar decrease. The rate reach 94.3%,and the control effect is not limited to areas with severe,moderate,and light occurrences of Anoplophora maculatus .
Key words Anoplophora maculatus; chemical control;mortality rate of adults;decline rate
甘肅省敦煌市地处河西走廊最西端,39°53′ N,平均海拔1 138 m,四周被沙漠戈壁包围,平均年降水量39.9 mm,蒸发量2 486 mm,平均无霜期164 d,全年日照时数3 294.6 h,年均日较差17.7 ℃,是典型的暖温带干旱大陆性气候[1]。20世纪六七十年代种植的杨树(包括小叶杨、大官杨、钻天杨等)是本地区农田林网的主要构架。21世纪初在林业重点工程、四旁树等方面主要推广栽植新疆杨、银新杨、胡杨,基本形成了“杨树主内,新疆杨主外”的农田林网的格局。2004年敦煌首次发现黄斑星天牛(Anoplophora nobilis)危害,至今已有16年时间,根据最新普查结果显示,发生面积为
966.7 hm2,且主要发生在党河以西的乡镇和月牙泉镇,部分重度发生区幼虫虫口密度可达30头 株-1以上。随着黄斑星天牛的不断扩散蔓延,截干更新、混交林营造等措施在各镇相继开展,但由于敦煌生态的脆弱性和虫害发生面积大以及易产生防治死角等因素,全市防护林网的生态屏障功能呈现逐步衰退的态势。……