高强度养殖活动下老爷海溶解氧的亏损及有机质成分的响应

2021-11-10 02:44:07马文超王焱朱卓毅
华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) 2021年2期

马文超 王焱 朱卓毅

摘要:老爷海是海南岛东岸的一处潟湖,受强烈人类活动(尤其是养殖活动)影响,其水体富营养化并伴随低氧。在选取的旱季和洪季(2010年4月和2011年8月),老爷海适值低氧期间,对老爷海开展了针对溶解氧和有机质的采样与观测。结果显示,春季潟湖低氧强烈,个别站位表层水溶解氧也仅为50%,夏季则在底层也存在低氧。在这样的背景下,春季有机质浓度明显高于夏季,颗粒有机质的C/N值(C与N的比值)也表现为春季高于夏季(平均值春季为9.7,夏季为7.7)。氨基酸所指征的有机质成分暗示春季有机质有较强的细菌降解信號;夏季有机质的低C/N值和高氨基酸碳、氮归一化产量显示现场生产相对活跃,有机质主要来自海源浮游植物,表层水供氧充分。在水体发生氧亏损时,溶解和颗粒有机质的降解程度存在差异。整体而言,颗粒有机质的降解程度随着水体中溶解氧浓度的下降而增加,说明颗粒有机质的降解消耗氧气是造成潟湖低氧的重要驱动因素;溶解有机质成分的变化和溶解氧关联不显著。

关键词:老爷海;潟湖;低氧;有机质;氨基酸

中图分类号:P593文献标志码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.009

OxygendepletionandtheresponseoforganicmatterinLaoyehai,alagoonwithstrongaquacultureactivities

MAWenchao,WANGYan,ZHUZhuoyi

(StateKeyLaboratoryofEstuarineandCoastalResearch,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200241,China)

Abstract:LaoyehaiisalagoonlocatedontheeastcoastofHainanandisimpactedheavilybyhumanactivities(especiallythoserelatedtoaquaculture)。Laoyehaiischaracterizedbyitseutrophicandhypoxicwaters.Duringpreviousdryandfloodseasons(specifically,April2010andAugust2011),whenhypoxiaoccurred,fieldworkwasconductedtoobservethedissolvedoxygen(DO)andtocollectorganicmatter.HypoxiawassignificantinthespringseasonwithsurfaceDOaslowas50%,whilethebottomhypoxicwaterprevailedinbothseasons.Inthespringseason,theC/Nratioofparticulateorganicmatterwashigherthanthatobservedinthesummerseason(C/Ninthespring:9.7,C/Ninthesummer:7.7)。Organicmattercompositionindicatedbyaminoacidsshowedthattherewasstronginsituproductioninthespringrelativetothatinthesummer.LowerC/Nvaluesandhighercarbonandnitrogenyieldsofaminoacids(AACyield,AANyield)inthesummershowedactiveinsituproduction,suggestingthatorganicmatterwasmainlyderivedfromphytoplankton.ThisalsoexplainsthesufficientsurfaceDOinthesummer.Thedegradationofparticulateorganicmatterincreasedwiththedecreaseofdissolvedoxygen,indicatingthattheparticulateorganicmatteranditsdegradationwerethekeydrivingfactorsforoxygenconsumptioninthelagoon.Meanwhile,wefoundthattherelationshipbetweendissolvedorganicmattercomponentsandDOwasnotsignificant.

Keywords:Laoyehai;lagoon;hypoxia;organicmatter;aminoacid

0引言

水体缺氧通常会破坏生态系统稳定性,并通过食物网影响养殖业产量;另外,低溶解氧(DO)浓度会改变水体介质的氧化还原性质,进而影响水体中的物质循环过程[1-2]。随着富营养化状态的愈演愈烈,全球范围内的河口近海低氧呈现出恶化的趋势,这也引起了人们的广泛关注[3]。……

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