张明丽 崔易翀 达良俊



摘要:在杭州城市化进程下,调查了8种城市生境类型中杂草群落的种类组成与结构。通过测定光照强度、土壤pH值、土壤电导率、土壤紧实度、土壤总氮、土壤总磷、土壤有机质及干扰类型等生境因子,分析了杂草群落物种组成与生境因子的关系。结果表明:调查的1665个杂草样方中,森林空隙和草坪是最为常见的生境类型,涵盖的群落类型数量分别占总数的20.1%和16.3%;除树池外的7种生境,其群落优势种均以矮生长型的一年生杂草为主;在8种生境中均有分布的杂草物种共有30种;不同生境的环境因子存在差异,森林空隙的光照强度最小,灌草丛空隙的土壤电导率值最高,土壤型废弃地的光照强度和土壤紧实度均最高。
关键词:杂草群落;群落多样性;生境因子;城市生境;杭州
中图分类号:Q948文献标志码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.012
DistributionandcausesofruderalcommunitiesindifferenturbanhabitatsofHangzhou
ZHANGMingli1,2,CUIYichong1,3,DALiangjun1,4,5,6
(1.SchoolofEcologicalandEnvironmentalSciences,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200241,China;2.HangzhouVocational&TechnicalCollege,Hangzhou310018,China;3.ShanghaiInvestigation,Design&ResearchInstituteCo.Ltd.,Shanghai200335,China;4.ShanghaiKeyLaboratoryforUrbanEcoligicalProcessesandEco-Restoration,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200241,China;5.InstituteofEco-Chongming,Shanghai202162,China;6.TechnologyInnovationCenterforLandSpatialEco-restorationinMetropolitanArea,MinistryofNaturalResources,Shanghai202162,China)
Abstract:WiththeongoingurbanizationprocessinHangzhou,weinvestigatedthespeciescompositionandstructureofruderalcommunitiesacrosseighturbanhabitattypes.Habitatfactorssuchaslightintensity,soilpH,soilelectricalconductivity,soilcompaction,soiltotalnitrogen,soiltotalphosphorus,soilorganicmatter,andinterferencetypesweremeasured;wesubsequentlyanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenspeciescompositionandhabitatfactorsoftheruderalcommunities.Theresultsindicatedthatforestgapandlawnwerethemostcommonhabitattypes,andthesecommunitytypescovered20.1%and16.3%,respectively,ofthetotal1665samplingplotssurveyed.Inallsevenhabitatsexcepttreepool,moreover,dwarf-growthannualruderalswerethedominantspecieswithinthecommunity.Therewere30ruderalspeciesdistributedacrosseighthabitats.Environmentalfactorsvariedacrossthedifferenthabitats.Thelightintensitywasthelowestintheforestgap,thesoilconductivityvaluewasthehighestintheshrub-grasslandgap,andthelightintensityandsoilcompactnesswerethehighestinsoilabandonedland.
Keywords:ruderalcommunity;communitydiversity;habitatfactor;urbanhabitat;Hangzhou
0引言
快速的城市化進程,改变了城市的土地利用方式及景观格局,导致城市生态环境发生了巨大变化,引起水土流失、土地退化、环境污染、生态脆弱等问题,促使城市区域内形成大量的特殊生境[1-3],造成城市生境的异质化[4-5]。城市化过程中的土地利用方式的改变及人为干扰活动,造成了城市光照、水热、土壤条件等生态因子的变化,导致城区气候比周围城郊地区的温度高、湿度低、风速低[6-10],从而减少了城市植被的生存空间,引起城市植被物种组成、群落类型及空间分布的变化[11-13]。植物的生长格局同环境异质性是相互影响的,植物生长发育所必需的自然环境条件在时间和空间上几乎都是异质性分布的,环境异质性可使植物在进化的过程中形成某种有效地获取必需资源的生态适应对策[14]。……