城市公园不同植物群落内空气负离子变异格局及影响因素

2021-11-10 03:10:35孙文韩玉洁殷杉
华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) 2021年2期

孙文 韩玉洁 殷杉

摘要:选取上海市中心城区中山公园中9个不同配置的植物群落,通过1年内连续监测空气负离子浓度,分析得到了各群落中负离子的变异格局,并探索了不同群落结构、不同郁闭度、周边水体等因素对空气负离子浓度的影响。结果表明:中山公园不同群落类型负离子浓度大多在200~700个/cm3,日变化呈单峰形,1年内在7月至10月间保持较高水平且波动程度较大;群落结构与负离子浓度的关系大致为草>乔灌≈乔草>乔灌草,群落结构越复杂,负离子变异性越小;负离子浓度变异系数与郁闭度间呈负相关关系,即郁闭度越高,群落中空气负离子浓度的变异系数越低,在每日植物发生光合作用的7:00~19:00,植物郁闭度与负离子浓度变异系数的负相关性更为显著。此外,城市公园中常见的静态水体对负离子浓度的影响不显著。可为城市公园中营造适宜健康的植物群落提供基础数据和科学依据。

关键词:城市公园;空气负离子;植物群落;变异格局

中图分类号:X835文献标志码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.015

Variationpatternsandinfluencingfactorsofairanionsindifferentplantcommunitiesofanurbanpark

SUNWen1,2,HANYujie1,2,YINShan2,3,4

(1.ShanghaiForestStation,Shanghai200072,China;2.ShanghaiUrbanForestEcosystemResearchStation,StateAdministrationofForestandGrassland,Shanghai200240,China;3.SchoolofAgricultureandBiology,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai200240,China;4.ShanghaiYangtzeRiverDeltaEcologicalandEnvironmentalChangeResearchStation,MinistryofEducation,Shanghai200240,China)

Abstract:Inthisstudy,weevaluatedthevariationpatternsofairanionsinnineplantcommunitieswithdifferentstructuresinZhongshanParkofthecentralcityofShanghai;theairanionconcentrationwasmonitoredcontinuouslyoverthecourseofayear.Inaddition,weanalyzedtheinfluenceofdifferentfactors—communitystructure,canopydensity,andthelevelofsurroundingwater—onairanionconcentration.Theresultsshowedthattheairanionconcentrationwithindifferentcommunitytypeswasmostlybetween200cm3and700cm3,andthedailyvariationshowedasinglepeak.AiranionconcentrationremainedatahighlevelbutfluctuatedsignificantlyfromJulytoOctober.Therelationshipbetweencommunitystructureandairanionconcentrationwasroughlyasfollows:herbage>arborwithshrubs≈arborwithherbage>arborwithshrubsandherbage;ingeneral,themorecomplexthecommunitystructure,thelesstheairanionvariability.Therewasanegativecorrelationbetweenthemeanvariationoftheairanionconcentrationandthecanopydensity,implyingthathighercanopydensityvalueswereassociatedwithlowermeanvariationoftheairanionconcentrationthroughoutthecommunity.Thisnegativecorrelationbecamemoresignificantinthedaytime,between7:00to19:00,whenphotosynthesiswasongoing.Inaddition,theimpactofstaticwaterontheanionconcentrationwasnotfoundtobesignificant.Theconclusionofthispapercanprovidebasicdataandascientificbasisfortheconstructionofhealthyplantcommunitiesinurbanparks.

Keywords:urbanpark;airanion;plantcommunity;spatialvariation

0引言

城市中的森林和綠地在城市居民的日常生活中不仅是休闲和娱乐的场所,同时具有降尘灭菌、固碳释氧、缓解城市热岛效应和改善区域小气候等生态功能[1]。特别是,森林和城市绿地区域是城市环境中空气负离子浓度较高的区域,通过植物的生理作用,释放空气负离子到大气环境中,包括光合作用、尖端放电等形式,这些空气负离子能够吸附污染物,改善空气质量,对居民健康起到重要作用[2-4]。空气负离……

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