易筑刚 陈春旭 陈华 刘明理



摘要:【目的】鉴定贵州两种松乳菇近缘乳菇,为贵州省乳菇近源种鉴定提供方法。【方法】以马尾松Pinusmassonzana林下生长的两种与松乳菇近似的乳菇为研究对象,使用形态学和rDNA ITS区段核苷酸序列分析相结合的方法进行分析鉴定。【结果】两种乳菇分别属于鲜艳乳菇Lactarius vividus和红汁乳菇L hatsudake,两种乳菇在形态学和分子序列上存在一定差异;与松乳菇的同源性分别达95%和93%,在形态特征以及生物、生态学特性上具有极高相似性。【结论】从形态学和分子水平上对贵州鲜艳乳菇、红汁乳菇等进行鉴定,为外生菌根类珍稀食用菌驯化以及保育促产技术的研究与推广应用提供参考依据。
关键词:鲜艳乳菇;红汁乳菇;rDNA ITS序列;同源性;保育促产
中图分类号:Q 93
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1008-0384( 2021) 07-076605
Identification and Homology of Two Varieties of Lactarius Found in Guizhou
YI ZhugangI, CHEN Chunxu l, CHEN Hua l, LIU Mingli2
(1.Zunyi Academy of Forestry,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China;2 Gaotai Town Forestry Station,
Meitan Counly,zunyi,Guizhou
564111,China)
Abstract: 【Objective】 Two varieties closely related to Lactarius delicious found in the wild in Guizhou weremorphologically and molecularly identified and homology analyzed. 【Method】 Two species of Lactarius from a Pinusmassoniana forest in Hejiang Village,Meitan County were examined on their morphological features under a microscope andon their phylogenetic characteristics by ITS rDNA sequence.【Result】The two mushroom varieties were identified to be Lvividus and L.hatsudake.Between them,significant discrepancies in morphology and ITS phylogeny were evident. L vividuswas 95%homologous with L deliciosus,while L hatsudake slightly lower at 93%. 【Conclusion】The information provideda concrete basis for the species identification facilitating the conservation. domestication, research. and utilization of the rareand valuable Lactarius in the wild.
Key words: Lactarius vividus; Lactarius hatsudake; rDNA ITS sequence; phylogeny; conservation and production promotiontechnology
0 引言
【研究意义】乳菇类真菌属于担子菌亚门Basidiomycotina、层菌纲Hymenomycetes、伞菌目Agaricales、红菇科Russulaceae、乳菇属Lactarius,是一类很有开发价值的大型真菌。目前中国有约40种食用乳菇,绝大多数是外生菌根真菌[1],尤其是马尾松林下着生的乳菇类,如松乳菇Lactariusdeliciosus、橙黄乳菇 L.akahatsu、红汁乳菇 L.hatsudake、鲜艳乳菇 L.vividus、血色乳菇 L.sanguifluus、油味乳菇 L.quietus,横断乳菇 L.hengduanensis等[2],因其味道鲜美,营养丰富,是一种天然、无公害的珍贵野生食用菌,被视为山中珍品,市场需求度高,销售价格可达50~60元.kg-l,加之该类真菌对松林生长有重要的促进作用,因此除对其分布的立地条件和生态环境进行研究外,对不同地区分布的乳菇种类鉴定以及相互间遗传特性的研究,是认识和科学利用乳菇的前提[3]。……