史高玲 周东美 余向阳 娄来清 童非 樊广萍 刘丽珠 高岩
摘要: 农作物可食用部位累积的镉和砷是人体摄入镉和砷的主要来源之一。研究农作物对镉和砷的累积机制,在此基础上研发阻控农作物对镉和砷累积的方法和技术,是保障被污染农田的安全利用和农产品质量安全的最有效途径,对解决农田镉、砷污染难题具有重大意义。鉴于水稻和小麦是中国最主要的粮食作物,本文就水稻和小麦对镉和砷的吸收、积累和转运机制进行了综述,比较和分析了镉、砷在土壤-作物系统中迁移、转化过程中的异同点及其相应的阻控对策,并探讨了该领域未来的研究方向。
关键词: 镉; 砷; 水稻; 小麦; 吸收; 积累
中图分类号: X53 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)05-1333-11
Mechanisms of cadmium and arsenic accumulation in rice and wheat and related mitigation strategies
SHI Gao-ling 1, ZHOU Dong-mei 2 , YU Xiang-yang 1 , LOU Lai-qing 3, TONG Fei 1 , FAN Guang-ping 1 , LIU Li-zhu 1 , GAO Yan 1
(1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; 2.School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; 3.College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
Abstract: Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the edible parts of crops is a major source of As and Cd intake by humans. Studying the mechanisms of Cd and As accumulation and developing methods and technology for controlling Cd and As uptake and accumulation in food crops is the most effective way for guaranteeing safe utilization of the contaminated farmland and quality safety of agricultural products, and is of great significance to solve the problems of Cd and As contamination in the farmland. Given that rice and wheat are the most important food crops in our country, in this review, we summarized the mechanisms responsible for Cd and As absorption, accumulation and transportation in rice and wheat plants. Similarities and differences between Cd and As migration and transformation process in soil-crops system and the strategies to mitigate Cd and As accumulation in rice and wheat grains were discussed. The future researches in this field were also prospected.
Key words: cadmium; arsenic; rice; wheat; absorb; accumulation
隨着农业和工业的迅速发展,中国耕地土壤重金属污染和农产品重金属超标问题日益突出。2014年发布的《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》显示,中国农田土壤污染物点位超标率为19.4%,其中镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)和镍(Ni)的点位超标率分别为7.0%、1.6%、2.7%、2.1%、1.5%、1.1%、0.9%和4.8% [1] 。因农产品、水源重金属超标导致的人体健康问题时有发生,包括“镉大米”、“镉小麦”、血铅超标、郴州砷污染等事件。为保障中国农田土壤环境质量、农产品质量和人居环境安全,国务院于2016年发布了《土壤污染防治行动计划》,其中指出,到2020年和2030年,被污染耕地的安全利用率需分别达到90%左右和95%以上,污染地块安全利用率则需分别达到90%和95%以上的指标。然而,由于中国农田土壤重金属污染面积较广、污染元素众多、土壤结构类型复杂,农田土壤污染治理将是一个长期的过程。……