林晓研
高考英语七选五文本通常是说明文。说明文抽象度高,逻辑关联性强,考生常因对上下文的理解不到位,而导致犹豫不决或选错答案。其原因是只关注局部,不注重语篇分析,没把握主旨。因此,为帮助考生正确判断设空句与前后句的逻辑关系,提高准确率,本文探讨解答七选五的另一做题技巧——逻辑关系法。
一、修辞结构理论
修辞结构理论指出,篇章的各个方面(句与句、段与段)都是彼此联系的。每个句子都像篇章的附属零件,零件间有着许多从属关系。这些从属关系使得文章结构紧密且富有逻辑连贯性。修辞结构理论的修辞关系有二十余种,其中常见的修辞关系有并列关系、递进关系、转折关系、因果关系、条件关系等。本文从结构理论的视角出发,以2016~2021年高考英语七选五真题为例,阐述五类逻辑关系,以及如何利用两类提示词判断上下文的关联。
二、五类修辞关系
1. 因果关系
表示因果关系的提示词,常见的有because, so, thus, therefore, consequently, as a result, so...that...等。
[例1](2021年新高考I卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
解析:空前句說,“我和丈夫刚在巴黎呆了一周。”空后的句子由表示结果的so引出,“因此我们做的第一件事是……”可见,空格句应是说明租公寓的原因。因此,F选项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. (我们的目的是看看我们能否在某种程度上,过上地道巴黎人的生活)”最符合本空。
2. 递进关系
表示递进关系的提示词有also, even, besides, furthermore, in addition, whats more等。
[例2](2021年新高考I卷)
The place wasnt entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,“Ouverture des portes,”in perfect French.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
解析:由前空的“the plumbing worked(水管能用)”,空后“even had a tiny lift(甚至有一个小电梯)”,特别是表示递进关系的even可知,空格句和空前、空后句都是说明住所的配备条件的。