马永翠 陈明仙 王崇星 马仲炼 桑正林 孔宝华 成艺涵 曹克强



摘要 通过对云南昭通市昭阳区永丰、洒渔和苏家院3个苹果主产乡镇的生草果园和清耕果园分布现状、杂草种类、苹果产量及其品质进行抽样调查。结果发现昭阳区生草果园和清耕果园分布区域性特点突出,生草果园主要分布于标准种植果园和种植大户果园,生草种类主要以三叶草、黑麦草、畜牧草为主;90%以上的个体农户以清耕果园为主;成熟期苹果产量及品质测定结果表明,生草果园的苹果产量略高于清耕模式果园的苹果产量;生草苹果园的苹果维生素C(VC)、可溶性固形物等品质优于清耕果园。
关键词 苹果园;生草果园;清耕果园;产量;品质
中图分类号 S 661.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)21-0062-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.016
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Apple Yield and Quality of Grass Orchards and Clear Tillage Orchards in Zhaotong
MA Yong-cui CHEN Ming-xian WANG Chong-xing1 et al
(1.College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000;2.Sichuan Leibo Middle School, Leibo, Sichuan 616550)
Abstract The distribution status, weed species, apple yield and quality of grass orchards and clear tillage orchards in Yongfeng, Sayu and Sujiayuan, Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province were investigated.The results showed that the distribution characteristics of grass orchards and clean tillage orchards in Zhaoyang District were prominent. Grass orchards were mainly distributed in standard planting orchards and large-scale planting orchards, and the main grass species were clover, ryegrass and animal husbandry grass,more than 90% of the individual farmers were mainly clearing orchards.The results of apple yield and quality at maturity showed that the apple yield in grass orchard was slightly higher than that in clean tillage orchard; the qualities of apple vitamin C (VC) and soluble solids in grass apple orchard were better than those in clean tillage orchard.
Key words Apple orchard;Grass orchard;Clearing orchard;Yield;Quality
基金項目 昭通市鲲鹏计划项目;云南省高校昭通苹果资源综合开发研究与应用重点实验室;国家重点研发计划(2016YFD-0201126);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28)。
作者简介 马永翠(1977—),女,云南昭通人,教授,从事植物保护研究。
*通信作者:陈明仙,助教,从事生物学研究;孔宝华,教授,从事植物病理研究。
收稿日期 2021-06-05
昭通是我国南方重要的优质苹果生产基地,苹果产业是昭通重要的经济支柱产业也是当地农民增收致富的重要产业之一。研究表明果园生草栽培能有效改善果园土壤质量[1],改善果树叶片矿质元素,降低土壤温度和pH,提高土壤孔隙度、土壤有机质和土壤微生物数量[2-3],防止水土流失、 促进果树生长、改善果实品质 [4],有利于实现果园机械化管理,改良盐碱地[5]。……