陕北榆林毛乌素沙地新开垦耕地空间分布特征

摘要 毛烏素沙地的开垦一方面增加了耕地资源保证了粮食安全，另一方面也造成了生态环境破坏、环境承载能力下降、资源分布不合理等现象，对新开垦耕地空间分布进行分析研究对于耕地空间分布优化和可持续利用具有重要意义。利用2010—2020年遥感影像获取陕北榆林毛乌素沙地新开垦耕地数据，并结合自然划分的地理空间地类数据等，分析新开垦耕地地理空间分布、影响因素及空间优化分布。研究表明，从地理空间来看，靖边县新开垦耕地空间分布特征及模式区域差异显著，北部地区新增耕地密度大，空间分布均匀;南部地区新增耕地密度小，空间分布较为集中;新开垦耕地分布受到政策、自然和社会三重因素影响。空间规划上要以北部毛乌素沙地重点开发，南部山区限制开发，引导农民合理有序进行土地开垦;要加强土地整治工程及高标准农田建设，对已开垦耕地运用工程建设措施，提高耕地集约节约化发展，达到改善农业生产、农民生活和生态环境的目的。

关键词 毛乌素沙地;新开垦耕地;空间分布;靖边县

中图分类号 F 301.24  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）21-0079-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.019

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Newly Reclaimed Cultivated Land in Mu Us Sandy Land of Yulin， Northern Shaanxi—A Case Study of Jingbian County

LI He

（Weibei Branch of Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.，Ltd.， Xianyang， Shaanxi 712000）

Abstract On the one hand， the reclamation of Mu Us sandy land increases the cultivated land resources and ensures the food security， on the other hand， it also causes the ecological environment damage， the decline of environmental carrying capacity， the unreasonable distribution of resources and other phenomena. It is of great significance to analyze the spatial distribution of newly reclaimed cultivated land for the optimization of spatial distribution and sustainable utilization of cultivated land. In this paper， remote sensing images from 2010 to 2020 were used to obtain the data of newly reclaimed land in Mu Us sandy land of Yulin， Northern Shaanxi Province. Combined with the data of natural geographical spatial classification， the geographical spatial distribution， influencing factors and spatial optimization of newly reclaimed cultivated land were analyzed. The results show that from the perspective of geographical space， the spatial distribution characteristics and patterns of new reclaimed cultivated land in Jingbian County are significantly different， and the density of new reclaimed cultivated land in the north is large， and the spatial distribution is uniform; the density of new reclaimed cultivated land in the south is small and the spatial distribution is relatively concentrated; the distribution of new reclaimed cultivated land is affected by policy， nature and society. In terms of spatial planning， we should focus on the development of Mu Us sandy land in the north and restrict the development of mountainous areas in the south， so as to guide farmers to carry out land reclamation reasonably and orderly; it is necessary to strengthen the land consolidation project and the construction of high standard farmland， apply engineering construction measures to the cultivated land， improve the intensive and economical development of cultivated land， and achieve the purpose of improving agricultural production， farmers life and ecological environment.

Key words Mu Us sandy land;Newly reclaimed cultivated land;Spatial distribution;Jingbian County

基金项目 陕西省技术创新引导项目专项基金（2021CGBX-03）;陕西省土地工程建设集团内部科研项目（DJNY2021-15）。

作者简介 李河（1990—），男，河南南阳人，工程师，硕士，从事土地经济与管理研究。

收稿日期 2021-06-24

靖边县位于毛乌素沙地附近的风沙草滩区，是陕西省耕地占补平衡耕地资源补充的重要来源地。……