2020年乌鲁木齐市一起动物间鼠疫疫情处置分析

赛力汗·色日克塔依　李庆云　李鸿杰 陈文亮　马杰　崔莹莹

摘要：目的 通过对米东区北沙窝荒漠动物鼠疫监测，及时发现并处理动物鼠疫疫情，严防动物鼠疫波及人间。方法 对大沙鼠及体蚤（簇鬃客蚤）做纯培养和噬菌体实验，并进行血清学检测。结果 在鱼儿沟林业保护区西缘向东约1.5公里、距第六师工业园区北缘约2.5公里处捕获的9只大沙鼠体蚤中检出一株鼠疫菌，且血清阳性率达33.33%（3/9），另外，距离该点向西不足1公里处捕获得5只大沙鼠，血清抗体检测均为阳性，但未检出鼠疫菌。结论 米东区北沙窝荒漠动物间鼠疫活动频繁，有向人间散播风险，鼠疫防治任务十分艰巨。

关键词：鼠疫;监测;分析处置;灭鼠灭蚤;疫源地

[Abstract]  Objective By monitoring animal plague in Beishawo Desert of Midong District， the epidemic situation of animal plague was found and dealt with in time， and the spread of animal plague to human beings was strictly prevented. Methods  Pure culture and bacteriophage test were carried out on gerbils and body fleas， and serological tests were carried out. Results  A strain of Yersinia pestis was detected from 9 large gerbil fleas captured about 1.5 km east of the western edge of Yuergou Forestry Reserve and about 2.5 km north of the Sixth Division Industrial Park， and the positive rate of serum was 33.33%（3/9）. In addition， 5 large gerbils were captured less than 1 km west of this point， all of which were positive for serum antibody， but no Yersinia pestis was detected. Conclusion The plague activities among desert animals in Beishawo， Midong District are frequent， and there is a risk of spreading to human beings. The task of plague prevention and control is very arduous.

[Key words] plague; Monitoring; Analysis and disposal; Rodents and fleas; infectious focus of plague

【中圖分类号】G644.5             【文献标识码】A             【文章编号】2107-2306（2021）12--02

鼠疫是一种自然疫源性疾病。我国拥有世界上面积最大、类型最为复杂的鼠疫自然疫源地。我国有12种类型鼠疫自然疫源地，分布于19个省区。米东区北沙窝荒漠大沙鼠鼠疫疫源地，位于准格尔盆地南缘戈壁荒漠，疫源地面积3000余平方公里，疫源地以沙漠梭梭植被带为主，主要宿主动物为大沙鼠。2009年从自毙的毛脚跳鼠体内分离出鼠疫杆菌，被正式确认大沙鼠鼠疫疫源地，后于2015年、2018年、2019年均检出鼠疫菌。

1  资料与方法

1.1 监测对象

米东区疾控中心鼠防工作人员每年的5-7月、10-11月对米东区北沙窝鼠疫疫源地监测区对大沙鼠开展固定监测工作。

1.2  实验室检测方法

对采集的标本进行鼠疫病原学和血清学检验。参……