夜间延时补光调控对巨峰葡萄春果生长发育及光合特性的影响

黄秋凤 陈立 李敏 谢蜀豫 曹慕明 李玮 黄羽 管敬喜 黄竟 陈国品

摘要：【目的】探討3种光质补光对巨峰葡萄春果生长发育及光合特性的影响，为完善广西巨峰葡萄春果栽培管理技术提供理论依据。【方法】以5年生设施栽培巨峰葡萄为试验材料，在新梢展叶期至果实成熟期，应用白、红、蓝3种光质进行夜间非连续光照6 h（03：00—06：00和18：00—21：00）处理，以自然光照为对照（CK），研究不同补光处理对巨峰葡萄春果新梢生长、叶片叶绿素含量、光合生理及果实生理生化等指标的影响。【结果】在3种不同光质补光条件下，巨峰葡萄春果新梢基部粗度、1～10节总长度、叶长、叶宽、叶柄长和叶厚均高于CK;其中蓝光6 h处理的新梢基部粗度和1～10节总长度增量最大，分别较CK显著增加12.80%和27.00%（P<0.05，下同）;白光6 h处理的叶长、叶柄长、叶厚和叶片长宽比等指标表现最优，分别较CK提高11.78%、55.90%、12.90%和1.85%;红光6 h处理的叶宽表现最大，较CK显著提高15.06%;相较于CK，在巨峰葡萄春果各生长期夜间补充白光6 h和红光6 h均能提高其叶片叶绿素含量;不同光质补光处理的巨峰葡萄春果叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率及果实单粒重、横径和可溶性固形物含量均呈现不同程度升高，而叶片胞间CO2浓度和果实可滴定酸含量呈现不同程度降低。【结论】在巨峰葡萄春果栽培过程中，夜间补充白光6 h和红光6 h能在一定程度上弥补光照的不足。因此，可通过人工补光调节葡萄的生长发育状况，提高果实品质。

关键词： 巨峰葡萄;春果;夜间补光;生长;光合特性

中图分类号： S663.1                                 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）08-2227-07

Effects of late time illumination delayed regulation at night on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of spring berry of Kyoho grape

HUANG Qiu-feng1， CHEN Li2， LI Min2， XIE Shu-yu1， CAO Mu-ming1， LI Wei1，

HUANG Yu1， GUAN Jing-xi1， HUANG Jing1， CHEN Guo-pin1*

（1Viticulture and Wine Research Institute，Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning  530007， China;

2College of Agriculture，Guangxi University， Nanning  530005， China）

Abstract：【Objective】The effects of three kinds of light quality supplemental on the growth and photosynthetic cha-racteristics of spring berry of Kyoho grape were studied and provided theoretical basis for improving the cultivation and management techniques of spring berry of Kyoho grape in Guangxi. 【Method】Five-year Kyoho grape in facilities cultivation was selected as the research object and exposed to three different kinds of discontinuous illumination treatments at night，including white，red and blue lights for 6 h（03：00-06：00，18：00-21：00），natural light was taken as control（CK）. The treatment was prolonged from the new shoots expansion period until harvest. The effects of different supplemental light treatments on shoot growth，leaf chlorophyll content，photosynthetic physiology and fruit physiology and biochemistry indexes of spring berry of Kyoho grape were studied.【Result】Under three different light quality conditions，the basal diameter，length of shoot from the 1st to 10th node，leaf length，leafwidth，petiole length and leaf thickness of spring berry of Kyoho grape was higher than the CK. The basal diameter and the length of shoot from the 1st to 10th node had the largest growth increment and significantly increased by 12.80% and 27.00% than CK under blue light treatment for 6 h（P<0.05， the same below）. The leaf length，petiole length，leaf thickness and ratio of leaf length to width of 6 h white light treatment were the best，which were 11.78%，55.90%，12.90% and 1.85% higher than CK，respectively. The leaf width had the lar-gest growth increment and significantly increased by 15.06% than CK under red light treatment for 6 h. Compared with CK，supplement of white light for 6 h and red light for 6 h at night could increase the chlorophyll content of Kyoho grape leaves at different growth stages. The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，transpiration rate，single berry weight，transverse diameter and soluble solids of Kyoho grape spring berry increased in different degrees under different light qua-lities and light supplement treatments，while the intercellular CO2 concentration of the leaf and titratable acid content of fruit decreased in different degrees. 【Conclusion】The results show that 6 h supplemental red light and white light treatments can compensate for the lack of light in the spring Kyoho grape cultivation. The growth and development of grapes can be adjusted through artificial light supplement to improve the berry quality.

Key words： Kyoho grape; spring berry; supplementary illumination at night; growth; photosynthetic characteristics

Foundation item： Guangxi Natural Science Foundation（2017GXNSFAA198023）; Guangxi Key Research and Development Project（Guike AB18221037，Guike AB19245007）; Basic Research Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultu-ral Sciences（Guinongke 2021YT130）

0 引言

【研究意义】葡萄是世界上栽培面积和产量位居前列的水果，其产业链长，市场价值高，深受各国生产者和消费者的青睐。近年来，随着葡萄一年两收栽培技术的推广应用，广西葡萄栽培面积迅速发展。利用广西秋冬独特的气候优势，开展葡萄一年两收延后栽培技术也日益完善（白先进等，2016），不仅可获得比夏果品质更优的冬果，以调节果实成熟期实现葡萄鲜果周年供应的春果栽培也获成功（黄秋凤等，2019），为提高葡萄栽培的经济效益和满足市场需求提供了广阔的发展前景。但由于葡萄春果生长发育阶段正值冬季和早春季，受短日照及棚膜遮挡影响，设施内的光照时数短，严重影响葡萄正常生长发育及果实的品质和产量，因此采取适当的补光措施弥补光照不足造成的不良影响，对促进葡萄生长，提升果实产量和品质具有重要意义。……