孙昊 李立波 黄海鹏 黄辉 代永刚






摘 要:梅花井矿1106110综采工作面顶板为坚硬的粉砂岩及粗砂岩,受采空区顶板垮落不充分、悬空面积大等因素的影响,采面采动压力显现明显且回采巷道围岩变形较大,给采面回采带来较大制约。为此,提出使用水力压裂技术弱化顶板,依据现场情况对水力压裂方案等进行设计。现场应用水力压裂技术后,采空区顶板可及时垮落,回采巷道底鼓及巷道帮变形量分别控制在356 mm和231 mm内,后续维修工程量小,可满足采面安全、高效回采的需要。
关键词:坚硬顶板;水力压裂;矿压;围岩变形
中图分类号:TD327.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)18-0072-03
Abstract: The roof of 1106110 fully mechanized working face in meihuajing mine is hard siltstone and coarse sandstone. Affected by the factors of insufficient roof caving and large hanging area in goaf, the mining pressure appears obviously and the surrounding rock deformation of roadway is large, which brings great restriction to the mining. Therefore, the hydraulic fracturing technology was proposed to weaken the roof, and the hydraulic fracturing scheme was designed according to the field situation. After the hydraulic fracturing technology is applied on site, the roof of the goaf can collapse in time, the bottom heave of the mining roadway and the deformation of the roadway side are controlled within 356 mm and 231 mm respectively, and the subsequent maintenance quantities are small, which can meet the needs of safe and efficient mining of the mining face.
Keywords: hard roof;hydraulic fracturing;mine pressure;the deformation of surrounding rock
當综采工作面开采的煤层顶板较为坚硬时,回采过程中普遍存在采空区冒落不严实、不及时,工作面超前处压力显现剧烈的情况[1-2]。若采空区悬顶面积过大,采空区顶板一次性冒落后产生的冲击波将对综采工作面人员和设备造成极大伤害;若超前处与对应回采巷道变形量大,会直接影响综采工作面的正常回采,增加巷道维修费用。通过强化回采巷道支护以及补强加固等方式虽然可减少巷道围岩变形量,但是也存在劳动工作量大、需要频繁加固等问题[3-6]。顶板坚硬岩层弱化是减少巷道围岩应力以及采动压力集中程度的主要手段[7]。现阶段,常用的顶板坚硬岩层弱化的技术措施包括深孔预裂爆破、水力压裂以及CO2变相压裂等。水力压裂具有施工便捷、压力大以及安全系数高等优点,并且在施工过程中不会产生有毒有害气体。……