祖丽克热 丁媛
[关键词]婴幼儿眼周血管瘤;弱视;β受体阻滞剂;糖皮质激素
[中图分类号]R732.2 [文獻标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2021)11-0169-04
Research Progress on Complications and Treatment of Infantile Periocular Hemangioma
ZU Li-ke-re1,DING Yuan2
(1.Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;2.Department of Dermatology,People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)
Abstract: Infantile periocular hemangioma (IPH) often occurs in the eyelid and periorbital region of infants, which can affect the health of children in many aspects. Hemangioma in rapid proliferation phase can cause functional damage because of its increasing volume. The incidence of ocular complications in children with eyelid and orbital hemangioma ranges from 46%-80%. Including ptosis, strabismus, telangiectasia, ulcers, scar formation and facial disfiguration. The most common eye complication is vision loss caused by amblyopia. Due to functional impairment, the risk of facial damage and a variety of psychological problems. Periocular hemangioma is listed as a high risk level in the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, complications and treatment of IPH.
Key words: infantile periocular hemangioma; amblyopia; β-blockers; corticosteroids
婴幼儿眼周血管瘤(IPH)是常见于婴幼儿期的良性血管肿瘤。眼周区域是血管瘤相对较常见的部位,所有局灶性面部血管瘤中有24.3%涉及眼周部位[1]。IPH大部分发生在婴儿出生后5.5~7.5周,出生后3个月左右瘤体进入快速增殖期,病灶大小可达到最终面积的80%。年龄越小,对视力的影响就越大,还可能出现上睑下垂、球体移位、眼球突出及斜视等。治疗不及时可能对视力发育造成影响,故对于IPH的治疗,多数学者已放弃以前的临床观察及随访,主张积极干预治疗[2]。
1 IPH的临床表现
IPH根据形态特点分为局限型、节段型和未分类型。局限型血管瘤是指那些在空间上受到限制并且看起来是由一个中心病灶引起的血管瘤;节段型血管瘤是指那些包围一个皮肤区域的血管瘤;未分类型血管瘤是不能归类为上述两类的血管瘤。根据其皮肤受累深度分类为浅表型、深部型和混合型[1]。出生后几个月浅表病变表现为红色丘疹或结节,表面可能平坦或粗糙。深部病变可导致皮肤从蓝色到紫色变色,或者只会导致解剖结构的异常而不会变色。还可进一步根据眼眶内的位置进行分类,可局限于眼睑(眼球前)、眼外(眼眶后,但在眼外肌外)或眼内(眼外肌锥体内),部分罕见于结膜或者虹膜。
大多数IPH可以通过外观被诊断出,但B超、CT、MRI有助于描述眼眶内的解剖位置、范围及眼眶后部病变的评估,IPH常常需要影像学来进一步确认诊断。……