2020年7月25日闽清大暴雨过程天气分析

2021-12-17 01:21:35邹小松江颖
农业灾害研究 2021年8期

邹小松 江颖

Weather Analysis of Heavy Rainstorm in Minqing on July 25, 2020

ZOU Xiao-song et al(Minqing County Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province, Minqing, Fujian 350800)

Abstract From 4:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. on July 25, 2020, there was a rare process of heavy rainfall and strong wind in Minqing. The rainfall was strong and local, resulting in waterlogging in the urban area. Due to the neglect of small and medium-sized models, each model can not accurately predict the rainfall process. The analysis of this process shows that: (1)the unstable circulation background conditions of dry and cold in the upper layer and warm and wet in the lower layer are conducive to the occurrence of this heavy precipitation; (2)From the analysis of radar and wind profile: the merging of thunderstorms and the proximity of gust front of squall line to thunderstorm make thunderstorm strengthen, and with the distance of gust front, thunderstorm weaken and disappear; (3)EC predicted the shear line of this process faster and moved out of Fujian earlier. It did not predict the impact of low-level weak convergence shear, so it missed the rainfall.

Key words Heavy rain; Medium and small scale; Weather analysis

摘要 2020年7月25日04:00~08:00閩清出现历史罕见强降雨大风过程,降水小时雨强大、局地性强,导致城区内涝。由于模式对中小尺度的忽视,各家模式均未能准确预报出此次降雨过程。分析此次过程得出:(1)高层干冷、低层暖湿的不稳定环流背景有利于此次强降水的产生;(2)从雷达和风廓线分析来看,雷暴的合并和飑线的阵风锋离雷暴近使得雷暴加强,随着阵风锋的远离,雷暴减弱消失;(3)EC对此次过程切变线的预报偏快,较早移出福建,没有预报出低层弱辐合切变的影响,从而对此次降雨出现漏报。

关键词 大暴雨;中小尺度;天气分析

中图分类号:P458 文献标识码:B 文章编号:2095–3305(2021)08–0024–02

1 天气实况

2020年7月25日04:00~08:00闽清出现历史罕见强降雨大风过程,闽清国家气象观测站观测到降水量209.3 mm,累计雨量仅次于2016年台风“尼伯特”带来的217.7 mm降水。统计7月25日03:00~11:00累积降水量,福州市共67个站点达到50 mm以上降水,闽清(10)、闽侯(3)、晋安区(1)共14个站达100 mm以上降水量,以闽清本站209.6 mm为最大(图1a)。8个站出现8级阵风,以仓山区对湖街道师大附中20.5 m/s最大(图1 b)。17个站点出现50 mm/h以上短时强降水,5个站出现70 mm/h以上短时强降水,以闽清云龙乡84.4 mm最大。

2 天气背景

中高纬多槽脊形势,冷涡东移入海,底层位于浙南,500 hPa副高断裂,有干冷空气侵入福建;850 hPa福州位于湿舌内,925 hPa以东南气流为主,湿度较好,切变线位于福州和南平交界处,02:00地面温度达30℃左右,露点温度28℃,高层干冷空气与低层暖湿空气重叠造成位势不稳定。从7月24日20:00福州Tlogp图(图2)可以看到,Cape值达2 400 J/kg,不稳定能量大,0℃层较高,暖层深厚,有利于降水,垂直风切变达15 m/s,中等强度,中层有明显干层,有利于雷暴大风的产生[1]。……

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