农业气象灾害及病虫害受气候变化的影响研究

于筱莉

摘要 我国是农业生产大国，农业生产与气象条件息息相关，气象因素在很大程度上决定了农业生产的产量和质量。近年来，随着全球变暖，气候变化显著，极端天气越来越频繁，气候灾害频发，对农业生产造成了较大损失。基于此，本文结合我国的降水和气温变化等特点，详细分析气候變化对我国农业气象灾害类型和病虫害发生频次、强度等方面的影响，并提出针对性的防御措施，以期为我国农业发展提供气象方面的保障，促进农业生产的可持续发展，为相关气象工作者提供参考和借鉴。

关键词 农业气象灾害;病虫害;气候变化;影响

中图分类号：S761 文献标识码：B 文章编号：2095–3305（2021）08–0037–02

Agro-meteorological Di-sasters and Pests and Diseases Affected by Climate Change

YU Xiao-li （Longkou Meteorological Bu-reau， Yantai， Shandong 265700）

Abstract China is a big country in agricultural production， and agricultural production is closely related to meteorological conditions. Meteorological factors largely determine the yield and quality of agricultural production. In recent years， with global warming， the climate has changed significantly， extreme weather has become more frequent， and climate disasters such as cold waves， droughts， and pests and diseases have caused irreversible losses to agricultural production. Based on this， this article will combine the characteristics of my countrys precipitation and temperature changes to analyze in detail the impact of climate change on the types of agricultural meteorological disasters and the frequency and intensity of agricultural meteorological disasters in my country， and propose targeted effective defense measures in order to provide weather for the development of my countrys agriculture. The guarantee in terms of aspects promotes the sustainable development of agricultural production and provides theoretical reference and reference for relevant meteorologists.

Key words Agro-meteorological disast-ers; Pests and diseases; Climate change; Impact

随着全球变暖的不断蔓延，气候变化十分迅速，四季的差异度和明显度降低，严重影响了农作物的生存环境，导致农作物生长过程中病虫害发生频率和类型不断增加。同时，每年因冰雹、低温冻害和干旱等气象灾害而造成的农业生产损失较大，科学有效地防御气象灾害是稳定粮食生产和粮食安全的重要保障[1-2]。因此，气象部门要深入分析气候变化对我国农业气象灾害与病虫害的影响，分析引起农作物病虫害的原因，并且针对性地采取防御措施，最大程度地保障农作物生长，从而提高农作物产量。

1 我国农业生产特点

我国地域辽阔，季风气候显著，春季风较大且天气干燥，夏季高温且降水较多，秋季霜冻时间较早，冬季较为寒冷且少雪，综合来看，四季分明且全年降雨量偏少。……