湛江地区灾害性大风的时空分布特征及其影响因素

李德琳 陈俏君 陈志强 高昕琳 黄嫒嫒 林靖岚 刘思羽 朱鹏程

摘要 湛江地處中国大陆最南端，三面环海，常遭受灾害性大风的侵扰。本文利用2005—2018年地面气象观测站的风场资料、中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径数据与基础地理信息数据，详细考察了湛江地区灾害性大风日数和极大风速的变化规律与分布特征，深入研究了地形和热带气旋登陆对大风灾害时空分布的影响。结果表明：（1）湛江地区灾害性大风主要集中于夏秋季，极大风速在夏秋季达到最大，灾害性大风日数呈现缓慢的下降趋势，极大风速呈平缓的上升趋势;（2）湛江大风日数与极大风速的空间分布具有南高北低的特征，相比其他地区，雷州市更易遭受高强度的大风侵害;（3）湛江南部和北部地势较高且地形粗糙、中部平坦开阔且海拔较低，这在一定程度上使得雷州市至东海岛一带成为大风灾害的高发区;（4）在季节变化上，热带气旋登陆对夏秋季湛江大风灾害具有直接影响;在年际变化上，热带气旋登陆时中心最大风速是影响湛江极大风速的重要因素。

关键词 灾害性大风;湛江;热带气旋;地形

中图分类号：P458 文献标识码：B 文章编号：2095–3305（2021）08–0088–09

Temporal-spatial Distrib-ution Characteristics of Disastrous Gale in Zh-anjiang Area and Its Influencing Factors

LI De-lin et al（College of Ocean and Meteorology， Guangdong Ocean University， Zhanjiang， Guagnzhou 524088）

Abstract Zhanjiang is located in the southernmost part of the Chinese mainland， surrounded by seas on three sides， often affected by disastrous gales. In this paper， based on the wind field data of surface meteorological observation stations from 2005 to 2018， the best track dataset for tropical cyclones of China Meteorological Administration， and basic geographic information data， we investigate the variation and distribution characteristics of disastrous gale days and extreme wind speed in Zhanjiang area in detail， and further explore the influence of topography and landing tropical cyclones on the temporal-spatial distribution of gale disasters. The results show that：（1）The disastrous gale in Zhanjiang area mainly concentrates in summer-autumn and its extreme wind speed reaches the maximum at this time. The number of disastrous gale days decreases slowly while the extreme wind speed shows a gentle upward trend; （2）The spatial distribution of disastrous gale days and extreme wind speed are generally high in the south and low in the north. It is worth noting that Leizhou is more vulnerable to high-intensity gale disasters than other areas; （3）The southern and northern parts of Zhanjiang have high and rough topography， flat and open central part with low altitude， which make the belt from Leizhou to Donghai Island become a high-incidence area of gale disasters to some extent; （4） In the seasonal variation， tropical cyclones landing has a direct impact on the summer and autumn gale disasters in Zhanjiang. In terms of the interannual variation， the maximum central wind speed at the landing time of tropical cyclones is an important factor affecting the Zhanjiang extreme wind speed.

Key words Disastrous gale; Zhanjiang; Tropical cyclone; Topography

灾害性大风，是指风力大到足以危害人类的生产活动、经济建设和日常生活的一种气象灾害。由于它具有突发性、局地性和强破坏性等特点，往往会在短时间内对人民生命财产安全、工农业生产和社会经济发展造成严重威胁。湛江市地处中国大陆最南端，位于粤桂琼三省交汇处，三面环海，水汽来源丰富，风能资源充足，不仅频繁受热带气旋登陆带来的大风天气的强烈侵扰，而且汛期强对流天气系统中常诱发的雷雨大风也会导致出现灾害。……