黄河下游影响带（河南段）水化学演化规律研究

孙龙 王莉莉 曹文庚

摘 要：黃河下游地区（河南段）是河南省重要的工业和粮食基地，该区域地下水化学演化受自然因素和人类活动的交互影响，而地下水与地表水的综合研究有助于揭示地下水成因及其水文地球化学过程。通过在黄河下游影响带（河南段）采集黄河水和地下水样，分析黄河水和地下水的水化学特征演化规律及二者之间的联系，结果表明：研究区黄河水pH值和TDS（总溶解固体）均表现出季节性差异，地下水pH值为7.30～8.10，总体上低于河水;研究区黄河水侧渗转化为地下水，水化学类型由SO4·Cl·HCO3-Na·Ca·Mg、SO4·HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca·Mg、HCO3·SO4·Cl-Na·Ca·Mg型演变为HCO3·Ca-Mg·Na、HCO3-Mg·Ca·Na型;研究区黄河水和地下水均受岩石风化和蒸发浓缩作用的影响，地下水中碳酸广泛参与碳酸盐矿物的溶解;研究区黄河水Cl-、SO2-4和NO-3质量浓度较高可能与上游景区排污有关，地下水个别取样点阴离子Cl-质量浓度较高可能是农田施用含Cl-农药或化肥污染地下水所致。

关键词：水化学特征;黄河水;地下水;黄河下游

中图分类号：TV62;TV882.1   文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.12.018

引用格式：孙龙，王莉莉，曹文庚.黄河下游影响带（河南段）水化学演化规律研究[J].人民黄河，2021，43（12）：91-99.

Abstract： The lower reaches of the Yellow River （Henan section） is an important industrial and grain base in Henan Province. The hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in this region is influenced by the interaction of natural factors and strong human activities. The comprehensive study of groundwater and surface water is helpful to reveal the genesis of groundwater and the hydrogeochemical process. Water samples of the Yellow River and underground water were collected in the influence zone of the lower Yellow River in Henan to study the hydrochemical characteristics evolution of the Yellow River and underground water and the relationship between them. The results show that a）the pH value and TDS of the Yellow River water in the study area show seasonal differences. The pH range of groundwater is 7.3～8.1， which is generally lower than that of the river water and generally consistent with the seasonal differences of the Yellow River water in the same period. b）With the lateral flow from the Yellow River to groundwater in the influence zone of the Yellow River， the hydrochemical types are changed from SO4·Cl·HCO3-Na·Ca·Mg， SO4·HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4·Cl-Na·Ca·Mg to HCO3·Ca-Mg·Na and HCO3-Mg·Ca·Na. c）Both the Yellow River water and groundwater in the study area are affected by rock weathering and evaporation and concentration， and carbonic acid in the groundwater is widely involved in the dissolution of carbonate minerals. d）Cl-， SO2-4 and NO-3 of the Yellow River in the study area are relatively higher， which may be related to the discharge of the upstream scenic spots. The high level of anion Cl- in some points of groundwater may be caused by the pollution of groundwater by cl-containing pesticides or chemical fertilizers of farmland.

Key words： hydrochemical characteristics; Yellow River water; groundwater; Lower Yellow River

在自然系统的循环过程中，地下水与其接触的岩石圈、生物圈和大气圈进行着极其复杂的物质、能量和信息交换，水化学特征在不断变化[1]。在全球气候变化的大背景下，人类活动往往在较短时间使在自然条件下经过漫长地质演化形成的稳定地下水化学环境发生剧烈变化[2-4]。由于水体化学组分记录了水体形成、循环和演化的历史[5]，因此地下水化学时空变异特征与演变规律可以揭示地下水与环境的相互作用机制[6]。……