黄藏寺水利枢纽向下游生态配水效益估算

魏洪涛 程毅 司舒阳

摘 要：黄藏寺水利枢纽是黑河骨干调蓄工程之一，通过植物生长关键期向黑河中下游合理配水，保障实现国务院确定的分水方案，为下游生态的修复和重建创造条件。在生态配水作用分析的基础上，从生态效益、节约调水费用、灌溉效益等方面，测算了黄藏寺水利枢纽向中下游生态配水的经济效益。一是每年增加向下游供水量0.47亿m3，并尽可能满足下游植被生长关键期用水需求，有利于植被复苏、生长与繁衍，估算生态效益为每年19 920万元;二是为黑河水量调度提供工程条件支撑，减轻各级管理机构的协调难度，每年可节省调水费用315万元;三是改善中游灌区引水条件，减少平原水库蒸发渗漏损失0.25亿m3，多年平均灌溉效益为4 725万元。

关键词：生态效益;灌溉效益;黄藏寺水利枢纽

中图分类号：TV213.4;F283

文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.12.022

引用格式：魏洪涛，程毅，司舒阳.黄藏寺水利枢纽向下游生态配水效益估算[J].人民黄河，2021，43（12）：115-117，122.

Abstract： The HuangzangsiWater Control Project is an important water regulation project on the Heihe River. This project can allocate water reasonably to the middle and lower reaches of the Heihe River during the critical period to implement the water allocation plan made by the State Council and create conditions for the restoration and reconstruction of the downstream ecology. Based on the analysis of ecological water distribution function， this paper evaluated the economic benefits of the ecological water distribution from the project to downstream from the aspects of ecological benefits， water transfer cost savings and irrigation benefits. Firstly， it could increase the water supply to the downstream by 47 million m3 to meet the water demand of downstream vegetation in the critical period as much as possible， which was beneficial to the recovery， growth and reproduction of the vegetation and the estimated ecological benefit was 199.2 million Yuan. Secondly， it could provide engineering support for the river water regulation， reduce the coordination difficulty of management organizations at all levels and save 3.15 million Yuan of water transfer cost every year. Thirdly， it could improve the water diversion conditions of the irrigation area in the middle reaches of Heihe River， reduce the evaporation and seepage loss of plain reservoir by 25 million m3 and the average irrigation benefit for many years was 47.25 million Yuan.

Key words： ecological benefit; irrigation benefit; Huangzangsi Water Control Project

1 概 述

黑河發源于祁连山，从祁连山发源地到尾闾居延海，全长928 km，流域面积11.6万km2[1]。黑河流域地处我国西北地区，具有显著的大陆性气候特征，气候干旱。上游降水量相对丰富，是全流域的产流区;中游光热土地资源丰富，具有优越的农牧业发展条件，但年降水量少，蒸发强烈，降水量仅有110～370 mm，年水面蒸发量最大达到2 200 mm;下游为荒漠干旱区和极端干旱亚区，主要为荒漠草场。受中游经济社会发展用水影响，进入下游水量逐年减少，导致下游地区植被退……