基于时移3D高密度电法的堤坝涵管接触渗漏探测研究

张清明 徐帅 王锐 周杨

摘 要：堤坝涵管接触冲刷破坏是堤坝工程最常见的险情之一，具有难以察觉、破坏突然和危害性大的特点，为实现堤坝涵管与土体结合部位的有效探测，研究采用时移3D高密度电法追踪探测、判断接触渗漏。在探讨时移3D高密度电法正演、反演理论和观测装置类型的基础上，结合工程实际应用，开展了注水前后连续3D电阻率探测试验，引入电阻率反射系数R，分析了注水前后不同时刻结合部位电阻率的变化规律。试验结果表明，电阻率低阻异常响应与结合部位松散不密实区之间具有良好的对应关系，可实现对结合部位接触渗漏的有效探测。

关键词：堤坝涵管;时移3D高密度电法;接触渗漏

中图分类号：P631

文献标志码：A  doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.12.027

引用格式：张清明，徐帅，王锐，等.基于时移3D高密度电法的堤坝涵管接触渗漏探测研究[J].人民黄河，2021，43（12）：135-138.

Abstract： The contact erosion damage of dam culvert is one of the most common dangerous conditions in dam engineering， which has the characteristics of difficult to detect， sudden damage and great harm. In order to realize the effective detection of the joint part of dam culvert and soil， the time-lapse 3D high density resistivity method was used to detect and judge the contact leakage. Based on the discussion of forward modeling， inversion theory and observation device types of time-lapse 3D high-density resistivity method， combined with the practical application of engineering， the continuous 3D resistivity detection test before and after water injection was carried out， and the resistivity reflection coefficient R was introduced to analyze the development and change law of the resistivity change at the junction in different times before and after water injection. The test results show that there is a good corresponding relationship between the low-resistivity abnormal response and the loose and non-dense area of the joint， which can realize the effective detection of the contact leakage of the joint.

Key words： dam culvert pipe; time-lapse 3D high density resistivity method; contact leakage

1 前 言

堤壩涵管是堤防和土石坝工程常用的结构形式，堤坝涵管的管身埋设于堤坝内部，堤坝与涵管存在土-结构接触面，贯穿上下游的接触面一直是防渗的薄弱环节，具有难以察觉、破坏突然和危害大的特点，堤坝和涵管结合部位一旦发生渗流则易发生接触冲刷破坏，不断发展会形成贯穿性渗漏通道，严重时可造成堤坝溃决[1]。

为了有效探测堤坝涵管接触渗漏，国内外专家学者开展了示踪法、高密度电法等探测技术的研究。高密度电法因具有布设灵活、数据丰富、成果直观等优点而受到了广泛关注，Bolève等[2]、Sjdahl等[3]、Lkard等[4]通过分析渗流通道与土石坝坝体电阻率的不同，研究了土石坝内异常渗流路径的分布特性。……