金银花扦插繁殖条件的研究

冯唐锴

摘 要：试验共扦插100株金银花枝条，分5组开展了扦插枝条的叶片数、阳光、水分、肥料、扦插枝条粗细等对扦插枝条成活率的影响研究。结果表明，金银花扦插枝条是否带有叶片对扦插苗的成活率影响不大;强光照不利于扦插苗成活;水分充足十分有利于扦插苗成活;肥料对扦插苗成活影响不大;选择成熟枝条有利于扦插苗成活。综上所述，今后开展扦插工作应该在有较少光照的遮阴条件下进行，选择带有茎节的成熟木质化枝条进行扦插，且高度重视水分管理，适当补充肥料。

关键词：金银花;扦插;光照;水;肥

中图分类号 S567.7+9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2021）23-0040-04

Study on Cuttage Propagation Conditions of Lonicera japonica Thunb

FENG Tangkai

（School of biological and environmental engineering，Jingdezhen University， Jingdezhen 333000）

Abstract： The purpose of this paper is to form a set of effective cuttage propagation technology of Lonicera japonica Thunb in our school. A total of 100 honeysuckle branches were cut in the experiment. The effects of leaf number， sunlight， water， fertilizer and thickness of cutting branches on the survival rate of cutting branches were studied. The results showed that whether honeysuckle cuttings had leaves or not had little effect on the survival rate of cuttings; Strong light is not conducive to the survival of cuttings; Sufficient water is very conducive to the survival of cuttings; Fertilizer had little effect on the survival of cuttings; The selection of mature branches is conducive to the survival of cuttings. To sum up， cutting work in the future should be carried out under shading conditions with less light， and mature lignified branches with stem nodes should be selected for cutting. Attach great importance to water supplement and properly supplement fertilizer.

Key words：Lonicera japonica Thunb; Cuttage; The sunshine; Water; Fertilizer

1 引言

金銀花（Lonicera Japonica）是一种具有清热解毒功效的常见中草药，广泛分布于我国多个省份，最高生长海拔可达1600m[1]。主要栽培种植区集中在湖北、陕西、广东、河北、山东、江西、河南等地。山东省临沂市平邑县金银花种植历史悠久，种植面积大，野生种类多，是全国金银花主产区[2]。金银花喜欢在阳光温和、大气湿润的环境中生存，生命力强，适应性好，耐阴，抗寒性强，还能抵抗干旱和水湿等极端条件。并且对种植土壤营养成分没有严格要求，但以土质湿润肥沃的沙土上种植生长最好。金银花的生长发育期为3—7月，夏秋季开花，果熟期9—10月[3]。

金银花无性繁殖能力强，茎、枝触地生长，也可发芽生根。根、茎、叶等营养器官均可作为无性繁殖的原材料，经生根处理后，生成新植株。扦插方法具有繁殖迅速、成本低廉、操作简单等优点，适用于易成活的金银花的快速繁殖[4]。……