世界汽车组织自动驾驶汽车“三支柱”认证方法提议及对我们的启示

2022-04-13 00:46:54周文辉
汽车与安全 2022年2期

周文辉

摘 要:自动驾驶技术发展背景下,软件在定义汽车,车辆功能日趋复杂、软件数量也越来越多。与传统车辆相比,影响自动驾驶汽车的安全因素、场景变量日益增长,通过传统的场地测试和台架测试,难以全部评估上述影响安全的变量。因此,为了车辆上道路运行,需要提出新的认证思路,支持车辆型式认证或自我认证。世界汽车组织在分析自动驾驶汽车技术特性和安全特征的基础上,创造性地提出了自动驾驶汽车“三支柱”测试认证办法,对整个自动驾驶测试认证的方案设计,具有很大的启发意义。本文详细分析了世界汽车组织提出的自动驾驶汽车“三支柱”认证办法,认为其对我国自动驾驶测试认证的方法设计和道路交通安全管理,均具有很大的启发意义。

关键词:自动驾驶汽车;认证;车辆安全

OICA ’s proposal of the "three pillar" certification method for automated vehicles and its inspiration to us

ZHOU Wenhui

(Road traffic safety research center of the Ministry of public security, Beijing 100062, China)

Abstract: Under the background of the development of automatic driving technology, software is defining the vehicle, the vehicle functions are becoming more and more complex, and the number of software is also increasing. Compared with traditional vehicles, the safety factors and scene variables that affect automated vehicles are increasing. It is difficult to assess all the variables affecting safety by traditional track test and bench test. Therefore, in order for vehicles to enter the market, it is necessary to put forward new certification ideas to support vehicle type certification. Based on the analysis of the technical characteristics and safety characteristics of the automated vehicles, OICA creatively put forward the "three pillar" test and certification method for the automated vehicle, which is of great inspiration to the design of the whole automated vehicle test certification scheme. This paper analyzes in detail the "three pillar" certification method of the automated vehicle proposed by OICA, which is of great significance to the design of automated vehicle test certification methods and road traffic safety management.

Keywords:Automated vehicle;certification;vehicle safety

世界汽車组织(OICA)成立于1919年,总部设在巴黎,是全球汽车制造业唯一的国际组织和代表,由世界各国汽车制造商组成,会员单位遍布全球五大洲,包括中国、美国、德国、日本、法国、意大利、韩国、印度、俄罗斯、巴西等40多个主要汽车生产国。OICA发布并宣传全球汽车工业界的政策和立场,研究汽车工业可持续发展面临的共性问题,推动汽车工业的技术创新,参与联合国ECE/ WP29国际汽车技术法规制定活动,公布全球汽车生产的统计数据,以及组织安排国际汽车展览会相关事宜。为适应自动驾驶汽车发展对产业和管理带来的影响,实现产业界与政府管理的高度协同,世界汽车组织于2019年2月向联合国欧洲经济委员会提交了一份关于对未来自动驾驶汽车认证的建议[1]。……

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