抗稻曲病水稻种质资源筛选与评价

伏荣桃 陈诚 王剑 赵黎宇 陈雪娟 卢代华

摘要：【目的】挖掘抗稻曲病種质资源，为稻曲病抗性育种提供优良抗源材料。【方法】2016—2020年，采用田间人工注射接种稻曲病菌的方法，评价引自国际水稻研究所的212份水稻材料稻曲病抗性，其中，2016年评价水稻材料的抗病性，2017—2018年鉴定田间表现中抗以上水稻材料的抗病性，2019—2020年验证鉴定中抗以上水稻材料的抗病性。【结果】连续5年接种稻曲病菌试验结果表明，有15份水稻材料对稻曲病表现为中抗以上抗性，大部分材料表现感病性，其中KHAO DAM：：IRGC 23385-1、IR 77298-14-1-2：：IRGC 117374-1、DUMAI：：IRGC 25852-1、WARABEHATOMOCHI：：IRGC 14779-1、EDOGAWA：：IRGC 74468-1、IR 65482-17-511-5-7：：IRGC 117284-1、QUILA 64117：：IRGC 117024-1和VASSE NANAN：：IRGC 56812-1等8份材料接种稻曲病后未发病，对稻曲病表现稳定高抗。不同品系的水稻种质对稻曲病的抗性存在差异，籼稻类型种质抗性水平高于粳稻类型;不同熟性的水稻种质资源其抗病性表现不同，表现为早熟>中熟>晚熟，但不是所有的早熟材料对稻曲病的抗性均较好，在足够的选择压下，早熟品种的感病性也较高。【结论】筛选出8份对稻曲病表现为高抗的水稻材料，为抗稻曲病水稻品种选育提供了优秀抗源材料。整体上，籼稻类型种质抗稻曲病水平高于粳稻类型，早熟品种抗性>中熟品种抗性>晚熟品种抗性。

关键词： 水稻;稻曲病;抗源;抗性评价

中图分类号： S435.11                           文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2022）01-0078-10

Evaluation and screening of rice germplasm resources

resistant to rice false smut

FU Rong-tao1，2， CHEN Cheng1，2， WANG Jian1，2， ZHAO Li-yu1，

CHEN Xue-juan1， LU Dai-hua1，2*

（1Institute of Plant Protection， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science， Chengdu  610066， China; 2 Key Laboratory

of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，

Chengdu  610066， China）

Abstract：【Objective】In order to provide valuable rice materials for rice smut resistance breeding， the germplasm resources of rice varieties resistant to rice false smut were explored. 【Method】212 rice materials from the International Rice Research Institute were evaluated at the booting stage by inoculating with Ustilaginoidea virens during the 2016-2020 pe-riod. All the materials were evaluated for resistance to rice false smut in 2016. Those with moderate or higher resistance was identified in 2017-2018 and further evaluated for resistance in 2019-2020. 【Result】The results showed that the most of the 212 lines were susceptible， but 15 were resistant to the rice false smut pathogenin the experiment of inoculation with U. virens for five consecutive years. Among them， KHAO DAM：：IRGC 23385-1， IR 77298-14-1-2：：IRGC 117374-1， DUMAI：：IRGC 25852-1， WARABEHATOMOCHI：：IRGC 14779-1， EDOGAWA：：IRGC 74468-1， IR 65482-17-511-5-7：：IRGC 117284-1， QUILA 64117：：IRGC 117024-1 and VASSE NANAN：：IRGC 56812-1 were highly resistant to rice false smut. In addition， the results showed that the resistance of different rice varieties to rice smut differed， and the resistance level of indica germplasm was higher than that of japonica. The resistance of rice germplasm resources with differing ripe-ning times was different， that was， early-maturing varieties>medium-maturing varieties>late-maturing varieties. However， not all early-maturing rice had better resistance to the disease. The disease resistance of early-maturing varieties was reduced under sufficient selection pressure. 【Conclusion】In this study， 8 rice materials are selected with high resistance to rice false smut， which provides excellent material for use in breeding programs for enhanced resistance. In addition， the resistance level of indica rice germplasm is on the whole higher than that of japonica rice and early-maturing varie-ties>medium-maturing varieties>late-maturing varieties.

Key words： rice ; rice false smut ; resistant source ; resistant evaluation

Foundation items： Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan（2022YFYZ0002，2021YFYZ0021）; “Crop bottleneck” Technical Project of Sichuan Finance（2021ZYGG-002）; Innovation Team Project of Sichuan（SCCXTD-2020-01）

0 引言

【研究意义】水稻稻曲病（Rice false smut）广泛分布于世界各稻区，是由稻曲病菌[Ustilaginoidea virens （Cooke）]侵染水稻稻穗引起的真菌病害，受害谷粒内长满菌丝，后形成大于谷粒数倍的稻曲球（Tanaka et al.，2008;Sun et al.，2020）。稻曲病不仅造成水稻减产，而且还产生对人和牲畜有毒害作用的真菌毒素，对水稻的食用安全带来重大影响（Fan et al.，2016;Wang et al.，2017;Meng et al. 2019）。……