中国古梨树群农业文化遗产现状及发展

2022-06-21 01:13:30孔维府,江鹏飞,李兴佐,王涛
山西果树 2022年3期

孔维府,江鹏飞,李兴佐,王涛

摘要:梨树是落叶果树,全世界约有35个原生种,东方梨中原生中国的约14种,梨品种很多,其中白梨、砂梨、秋子梨、杜梨和豆梨均原产于我国。统计显示,梨的地理标志证明商标25个,地理标志保护产品24个,农产品地理标志登记产品74个,全国共有梨的地理标志102个。文章介绍了具有农业文化遗产价值的主要的中国古梨树群及其分布,指出经过长期的栽培实践,人为保留下来优势的优异品种有延边苹果梨、鞍山南果梨、皋兰软儿梨、砀山酥梨以及鸭梨等,并总结了其所蕴含的重要的农耕文化价值,包括物种多样性、传统知识和技术的传承以及创新应用,以期为保护和发展提供借鉴。

关键词:古梨树;品种群;文化遗产

文章编号:2096-8108(2022)03-0001-07中图分类号:S661.2文献标识码:A

Present Situation and Development of Agricultural Cultural Heritage of Ancient Pear Trees in China

KONG Weifu1,JIANG Pengfei1,LI Xingzuo1, WANG Tao2*

(1.Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670,China;

2.College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,China)

Abstract:Pear is deciduous fruit tree. There are about 35 native species in the world. There are about 14 native species of oriental pear in China. There are many pear cultivars, including White pear, Sand pear, Qiuzi pear, Du pear and Dou pear. The statistics show that there are 25 geographical indications of the pear, 24 geographical indications protection products, 74 agricultural geographical indications registration products, 102 geographical indications of pear in China. The main ancient Chinese pear trees with the value of agricultural cultural heritage and their distribution were introduced. The excellent cultivars of artificially retained advantages were choosen such as Yanbian Pingguo pear, Anshan Nanguo pear, Gaolan Ruaner pear, Dangshan pear and Yali pear after long-term cultivation. The important agricultural cultural value were summarized, including species diversity, inheritance of traditional knowledge and technique and innovative application in order to provide reference for protection and development.

Keywords:ancient pear tree; cultivar group; farming culture

全球重要農业文化遗产在概念上等同于世界文化遗产,是由联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)于2002年发起的大型项目,旨在建立全球重要农业文化遗产及其有关的景观、生物多样性、知识和文化保护体系,并在世界范围内得到认可与保护[1]。果树多属于多年生木本植物,生命周期长,经济寿命也长,有的树种可以生长数百年。梨树是落叶果树,全世界约有35个原生种,野生分布于欧、亚及非洲,分类上分为东方梨及西洋梨两大类。东方梨中原生中国的约14种,早在2000多年前的周朝即有栽培,野生种类称为樆,人工种植的称为梨[2,3]。梨树多以我国地名出现,如吉林省四平市梨树县、黑龙江省鸡西市梨树区,体现了我国梨树栽培的悠久农业历史和农耕文化。……

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