鲜枣果实贮运品质相关理化指标的筛选

冯志宏，冯云芳，高振峰，陈嘉，张立新

摘要：【目的】為了筛选影响鲜枣果实采后贮藏和运输过程中品质变化的相关生理指标，一方面，可以简便、快速和有效地评估果实的贮运能力;另一方面，可为贮运品质在品种选育、栽培管理、采后保鲜等方面提供参考依据。【方法】以冷白玉、梨枣、冬枣和芒果枣4个鲜食品种枣果实为试验材料，运用SPSS软件分析腐烂率、腐烂速率、失水速率、运输损伤率等不同理化指标与鲜枣果实贮藏性能和运输性能的相关性。【结果】在呼吸速率方面，梨枣最高，芒果枣次之，冬枣和冷白玉较低;在失水速率方面，冬枣最快，冷白玉次之，芒果枣和梨枣相对较慢;且失水速率同腐烂率和呼吸速率呈现出极显著负相关。冬枣和冷白玉同其他品种枣相比运输损伤率较低，果肉质地较好，且相关性分析显示果肉质地同运输损伤率显著负相关，说明果肉质地好的枣品种比较耐运输。【结论】呼吸速率、失水速率和果肉质地可作为耐贮运鲜食枣果品种选育的重要理化指标。

关键词：鲜枣;贮藏运输;品质

文章编号：2096-8108（2022）03-0017-04中图分类号：S665.1文献标识码：A

Screening of Physical and Chemical Indicators Related to

Storage and Transportation Quality of Fresh Jujube Fruit

FENG Zhihong， FENG Yunfang， GAO Zhenfeng， CHEN Jia， ZHANG Lixin

（School of Food Science and Engineering， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taiyuan 030031， China）

Abstract：【Objective】In order to screen the relevant physiological indicators that affect the quality changes of fresh jujube fruits during postharvest storage and transportation， on the one hand， it can be used to easily， quickly and effectively evaluate the storage and transportation capacity of the fruit; on the other hand， it can be used for cultivar selection and cultivation management to provide a reference basis.【Methods】Lengbaiyu jujube， Lizao， Dongzao and Mango jujube were used as experimental materials， and SPSS software was used to analyze the correlation between different physical and chemical indicators such as rot rate， rot rate， water loss rate， transportation damage rate and fresh jujube fruit storage performance and transportation performance.【Results】The study showed that in terms of respiration rate， Lizao was the highest， followed by Mango， and Dongzao and Lengbaiyu were lower; in terms of water loss rate， Dongzao was the fastest， followed by Lengbaiyu， and Mango and Lizao were relatively slow. The water loss rate showed a very significant negative correlation with the decay rate and respiration rate. Compared with other cultivars of jujube， Dongzao and Lengbaiyu had lower transport damage rate and better pulp texture， and correlation analysis showed that pulp texture was significantly negatively correlated with transport damage rate， indicating that jujube cultivars with good pulp texture were more resistant to transport.【Conclusion】The experimental results showed that the respiration rate， water loss rate and pulp texture could be used as important physical and chemical indicators for the breeding of fresh jujube cultivars with good storage and transportation.

Keywords：fresh jujube; storage and transportation; qualityB7CF044E-29E3-4739-8D56-0F70DB4106D8

枣是中国特有的果品，成熟的鲜枣口感香甜酥脆，深受消费者的喜爱。国外规模化种植较少，种植范围主要集中我国北方。为了进一步发展壮大鲜枣产业，鲜枣的北果南运和出口对于我国枣业发展的全球化布局是一个机遇。然而新鲜枣果采后货架期短[1]，即使是冷链贮运，后期也会发生机械损伤、软化[2]、酒化[3，4]、腐烂[5]、褐变[6]等品质劣变现象。……