风灾对红枣产量的影响

王倩茹，龙建春，宋卫，张磊，蒋琴

摘要：【目的】紅枣种植对自然条件的高度依赖使得种植面临着较大的风险。果实膨大期的红枣如遇风灾会引发了大量落果，使红枣产量大大降低，给枣农带来巨大经济损失。为今后防范大风灾害，对红枣园遭受大风灾害后结果产量所受的影响情况进行了分析，以便采取相应的防范措施。【方法】在阿克苏地区，于2021年8月12日大风以后分别到实验林场园林2队（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）和园艺1分厂（Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ）的6片枣园进行调查，其中3片（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）为无人机打药、3片（Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ）为一般打药方式。对6片枣园采用等距抽样法随机抽取30株枣树，调查各枣园结果数、落果数、单株产量等。【结果】经历了大风以后，6个红枣园枣树平均坐果数量为1133.01±484.44颗，单株产量为8.50±3.63 kg，有效亩（667 m2）产量为478.76±213.91 kg，产量最高为699.93±221.66 kg，产量最低的为246.84±126.26 kg。从落果数、单株产量的调查发现无人机喷施的有效亩（667 m2）产量各阶段值明显高于一般喷施方式。【结论】阿克苏市实验林场红枣园遭受大风灾害后发现红枣亩（667 m2）产量与落果产量不成正比关系，飞机喷施方式下红枣总产量均大于一般喷施方式，红枣落果损失率与喷药方式无直接联系。针对阿克苏地区红枣种植过程中存在的风灾因素，除了从深层次掌握风灾发生的原因以外，还要从观念、技术和管理等方面出发寻求更加科学的风险防范手段，以解决红枣种植中的风灾威胁。

关键词：风灾;红枣;产量;影响

文章编号：2096-8108（2022）03-0026-03中图分类号：S665.1文献标识码：A

Effect of Wind Disaster on Jujube Yield

WANG Qianru，LONG Jianchun， SONG Wei*，ZHANG Lei，JIANG Qin

（Aksu Forestry Technology Extension Service Center， Aksu 843000，China）

Abstract：【Objective】The high dependence of jujube planting on natural conditions makes jujube planting face greater risks. The wind disaster of jujube during fruit enlargement period will cause a large number of fruit drop， which greatly reduces the yield of jujube and brings huge economic losses to jujube growers. In order to prevent the gale disaster in the future， the influence of the output of jujube orchard after the wind disaster was analyzed， so as to take corresponding preventive measures【Methods】In Aksu area， Six jujube orchards of Team 2 （I， II， III） and Branch 1 （IV， V， VI） of the experimental forestry Center were investigated after the strong wind on August 12， 2021， of which three of these orchards （I， II， III） were used for unmanned aerial vehicle spraying and three of these orchards （IV， V， VI） were used for general spraying. thirty jujube trees were randomly selected from six jujube orchards by equidistant sampling method， and the number of fruit， fruit drop and yield per plant were investigated.【Results】After strong wind， the average fruit number of jujube trees in six jujube orchards was 1 133.01±484.44， the yield per plant was 8.50±3.63 kg， the yield per 667 m2 was 478.76±213.91 kg， the highest yield was 699.93±221.66 kg， and the lowest yield was 246.84±126.26 kg. From the investigation of the number of fallen fruits and the yield per plant， it was found that the effective yield per 667 m2 of UAV spraying was significantly higher than that of general spraying. 【Conclusion】It was found that the yield of jujube per 667 m2 was not proportional to the yield of fruit drop after the strong wind disaster in jujube orchard of Aksu Experimental Forestry Center. The total yield of jujube under UAV spraying was higher than that under general spraying. The loss rate of fruit drop of jujube was not directly related to the spraying method. In view of the wind disaster factors in the process of jujube planting in Aksu region， in addition to know the causes of wind disaster from the deep level， it was necessary to seek more scientific prevention means from the aspects of technique and management to solve the problem of wind disaster in jujube planting.58737881-A03F-4216-BA43-F33FD6930F97

Keywords：wind disaster; jujube; yield; effect

红枣是阿克苏地区的名牌产品。含人体所必需的18种氨基酸和钙、铁、锌、钾、硒、碘、磷、铜、锰等多种矿质元素。……