双渣转炉炼钢新工艺高温脱磷试验研究

牛莉莉

摘要：提出了“留渣+双渣”转炉炼钢新工艺，对此工艺的过程控制进行实验研究，结果表明：“留渣+双渣”炼钢工艺的主要工序是，脱磷期终止→排除脱磷渣→脱碳期→脱碳期终止→排除脱碳渣→转炉内固化处理→下一炉冶炼。全程紧密调控转炉内的钢渣渣量、氧化性、碱度等指标，确保在脱磷期终止时的脱磷渣渣量在6～8 t钢，在完成一轮冶炼后，确保炉内渣量在12～13 t钢，平均渣量在8 t钢左右;在后续持续冶炼过程中，可适量缩减石灰投用量，从6.5 t钢逐步下调至3.1 t钢，同时钢水含量也从0.018%降低为0.005%。

关键词：转炉;钢渣;连续循环;脱磷

中图分类号：TQ944

文献标识码：A文章编号：1001-5922（2022）06-0093-05

Experimental study on high temperature dephosphorization of new steelmaking process in double slag converter

NIU Lili

（Xuangang Branch of Hebei Polytechnic University， Zhangjiakou 075100， Hebei China

）

Abstract：A new converter steelmaking process of “slag retention + double slag” is proposed in this paper， and the process control of this process is experimentally studied. The main process of“slag retention + double slag” steelmaking process is： termination of dephosphorization period → elimination of dephosphorization slag → decarbonization period → termination of decarbonization period → elimination of decarbonization slag → curing treatment in converter → next furnace smelting. The steel residue amount， oxidizability， basicity and other indicators in the converter are closely controlled throughout the whole process to ensure that the amount of dephosphorization slag at the end of the dephosphorization period is within the range of 6～8 t steel. After one round of smelting， ensure that the amount of slag in the furnace is within the range of 12～13 t steel， and the average amount of slag is about 8 t steel. In the subsequent continuous smelting process， the amount of lime can be reduced appropriately， gradually from 6.5 t per ton steel to 3.1 t per ton steel， and the molten steel content is also reduced from 0.018% to 0.005%.

Key words：converter; slag; continuous cycle; dephosphorization

传统转炉炼钢存在能耗消耗大、炼钢效率低的问题。脱磷是钢铁冶炼较为关键的部分，也是原料消耗较高的部分。为寻找一种更适合的钢铁冶炼方法，提高脱磷效率，有学者在实验室环境中，利用高温炉炼钢预加脱磷剂的方法来模拟转炉预脱磷过程，成功揭示了影响脱磷效果的主要因素，即提高铁水温度至1 300 ℃，控制脱磷碱度在3.0左右，在高搅拌的条件下，此时的脱磷效果较好;但铁水中发热元素较少，原料的耗损增大[1]。以工业试验工艺参数为依据，利用灰色关联分析法得到各工藝参数关于脱磷转炉终点磷含量的灰色关联度，构建基于BP神经网络算法的磷含量预报模型，用于脱磷转炉冶炼过程控制[2]。基于此，本文提出“留澄+双渣”的转炉炼钢新技术，对钢冶炼过程中脱磷工艺进行优化，为钢冶炼脱磷提供一些参考。……