抗菌增敏剂恢复耐药细菌对抗生素敏感性的研究进展

2023-03-13 17:27:32卢嵘成泓赵西林王岱
中国抗生素杂志 2023年11期

卢嵘?成泓?赵西林?王岱

摘要:抗生素耐药性的产生使现有抗生素的治疗不再有效,而新抗生素的开发耗时长、难度高,无法解决日益严重的耐药菌感染难题。抗菌增敏剂与抗生素联合疗法为耐药菌感染的治疗带来了希望,抗菌增敏剂能够恢复抗生素的杀菌活性,同时减缓耐药的发展进程,是对抗耐药菌有效且可持续的策略。本文概述了抗菌增敏剂的作用靶点,在此基础上简述了几种典型超级细菌的抗菌增敏剂-抗生素联合治疗策略,并对近些年抗菌增敏剂的相关研究进行了总结归纳,以期为抗菌增敏剂的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

关键词:抗生素耐药性;抗菌药物增敏药;联合治疗;协同作用

中图分类号:R978.1文献标志码:A

Progresses of antibacterial sensitizers to restore the susceptibility

of drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics

Lu Rong, Cheng Hong, Zhao Xilin, and Wang Dai

(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102)

Abstract The development of antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of existing antibiotics no longer effective, while the development of new antibiotics is time-consuming and difficult to address the growing challenge of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Combination therapies of antibacterial sensitizers and antibiotics are hopeful for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Antibacterial sensitizers can restore the bactericidal activity of antibiotics while slowing the progression of drug resistance, making them an effective and sustainable strategy against drug-resistant bacteria. This article outlines the action targets of antibacterial sensitizers, briefly describes several typical antibacterial sensitizer-antibiotic combination therapy strategies for superbugs, and summarizes the relevant research on antibacterial sensitizers in recent years, in order to provide reference for further research and application.

Key words Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial sensitizers; Combination therapy; Synergistic interaction

抗生素耐药性(antimicrobial resistance, AMR)是一个日益严重的世界性问题[1],它破坏了现代医学的突破性成就,使一度可治愈的感染再次变得致命[2]。

由多重耐药(multidrug-resistant, MDR)细菌引起的感染導致越来越多的人死亡。在美国,每年估计有35000人死于多耐药细菌感染,全球死亡人数则多达700000人[3]。然而,新抗生素的开发既昂贵又费时。虽然近年来用于药物研究和开发的投资正在增加,但在过去30年中,没有新类别的抗生素或其替代品获得临床批准[4]。因此,尽可能充分地利用现有的药物,并最大限度地提高治疗结果成为了现阶段研究的重要方向[5]。抗菌增敏剂(antibacterial sensitizer)又称为抗生素佐剂(antibiotic adjuvant),属于联合使用药物中的一种,它本身不属于抗生素类药物,但与抗生素联合使用后,可以通过逆转细菌耐药性或提高宿主清除细菌的能力从而恢复耐药菌对抗生素的敏感性[6],同时减缓细菌耐药性发展进程,是对抗耐药细菌有效且可持续的策略[4]。……

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