困境与出路：当前中国足球治理改革的现实思考

摘 要： 坚持问题导向，明确中国足球治理改革研究的核心范畴，依照“困境—出路”的逻辑关系，从中国足协治理改革、国家足球队人才培养和足球文化建设3个方面，对当前中国足球治理改革面临的现实困境进行剖析。主要包括：中国足协调整改革“脱而未变”引发一系列治理风险，推行俱乐部名称非企业化的实践困局具有代表性；国家足球队人才培养未能形成协同发展优势，中国足球“归化路径”存在局限性，本土教练员培养面临现实困境；以社会观念和足球文化超前发展，带动国家足球队建设的实践思路不切实际。出路包括：足协治理层面应推进中国足协“政管分离”治理改革；人才培养层面应推进国家足球队人才培养“多元主体”共建共享及协同发展，推进球员培养“体教融合”实践改革；文化建设层面应推进足球文化“时代新风”价值建构。

关键词： 足球治理改革；中国足球协会；国家足球队；足球人才培养

中图分类号：G843;G80-051   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2023）01-067-11

Dilemma and Outlet： Realistic Thinking on the Current Chinese Football Governance Reform

HUANG Lu 1，2

1.Division of Sports Science and P.E.， Tsinghua University， Beijing 100084， China; 2. Dept. of P.E.， North China University of Science and Technology， Tangshan 063210， Hebei， China

Abstract： This study adheres to the problem orientation and clarifies the core category of China's football governance reform research and analyzes the current realistic dilemma faced by the reform from the three aspects of the governance reform of the CFA （Chinese Football Association）， the talent training of the CNFT （China National Football Team）， and the construction of football culture in accordance with the logical relationship of “dilemma-outlet”. The dilemma include： The “unaltered” adjustment and reform of the CFA has triggered a series of governance risks， of which the de-corporatization of football club name is representative; lack of the advantages of the collaborative development of talent training and the limitations of the “naturalization path” have plunged the training of local coaches into a real dilemma; the practical thinking of driving the construction of the national football team with the advanced development of social concepts and football culture is impracticable. The outlets proposed include： From the perspective of the governance， the “separation of governance and management” of the CFA should be promoted; In terms of talent training， it is essential to advance the joint construction， sharing the collaborative development of the “multiple subjects”， and to promote the practical reform of the “combination of sports and education” of player training; At the level of cultural construction， it is necessary to promote the value construction of the “new style of the times” of football culture.

Key words： football governance reform; CFA （Chinese Football Association）; CNFT（China National Football Team）; football talent training

黨的十八大以来，《中国足球改革发展总体方案》（简称《方案》）《中国足球协会调整改革方案》等重大足球改革政策相继出台，凸显了党和国家大力发展社会主义足球事业的巨大决心。新时代十年中国足球改革发展取得了积极成效，《方案》各项改革工作稳步推进。同时，在改革推进过程中还面临一些深层次的问题与现实困境，诸如中国足协调整改革“脱而未变”、国家男子足球队战绩不佳、职业足球市场治理失效等，学界尚缺乏对《方案》实施以来中国足球改革发展面临的深层次问题做出集中回应与专题研究，对当前中国足球治理改革困境与出路的现实思考，正是本研究的出发点。……