缓释与速效肥配施对滨海稻区直播稻产量的影响

任海　胡馨允　王宇　吕小红　马畅　隋鑫　杜萌　李旭　王志兴　徐勇

摘   要：为了探索滨海稻区水稻旱直播最佳施肥方案，保证产量同时尽量降低农业成本、降低劳动强度、提高农业生产效率、生态效益，为直播稻未来在滨海稻区发展提供理论依据。采用田间对比试验方法，研究缓释肥与速效氮肥配施对滨海稻区水稻旱直播产量的影响。结果表明，实际产量750 kg/hm2的缓释肥（基肥）與65 kg/hm2的速效氮肥（蘖肥）配施的处理7或750 kg/hm2的缓释肥（基肥）与33 kg/hm2的速效氮肥（穗肥）配施的处理8较好。处理7产量比处理8增加1.09%。合理的缓释肥与速效氮肥配施能够满足水稻各时期生长发育对肥的需要，大大提高了水稻旱直播产量。

关键词：缓释与速效肥配施；直播稻；产量；米质；影响

Effects of Slow-release and Quick-acting Fertilizer on the Yield of Direct Seeding Rice in Coastal Rice Area

REN Hai1 ， HU Xin-yun2 ， WANG Yu1* ， LV Xiao-hong1 ， MA Chang1 ， SUI Xin1 ，

DU Meng1 ， LI Xu1 ， WANG Zhi-xing1 ， XU Yong3

（1 Liaoning Institute of Saline-Alkali Land Utilization， Panjin Liaoning 124010， China; 2 Plant Protection Center of Xinglongtai District， Panjin， Panjin Liaoning 124010， China;  3 Dongfeng Agricultural Service Center， Dawa District， Panjin Liaoning 124000， China）

Abstract： The aim of this study was to explore the optimal fertilization scheme for direct seeding of rice in the coastal rice region， ensure the yield， reduce agricultural cost， reduce labor intensity， improve agricultural production efficiency and ecological benefits as much as possible， and provide theoretical basis for the future development of direct seeding rice in the coastal rice region. Field comparison experiment was conducted to study the effects of slow-release fertilizer combined with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield in coastal rice area. The results showed that the actual yield was better when 750 kg/hm2 slow release fertilizer（base fertilizer） combined with 65 kg/hm2 fast acting nitrogen fertilizer（tillering fertilizer） of treatment 7 or 750 kg/hm2 slow release fertilizer （base fertilizer） combined with 33 kg/hm2 fast acting nitrogen fertilizer （ear fertilizer） of treatment 8. The yield of treatment 7 was 1.09% higher than that of treatment 8. Reasonable combination of slow release fertilizer and fast nitrogen fertilizer can meet the needs of rice growth and development at different stages， and greatly improve the yield of rice in dry direct seeding.

Key words： Combined application of slow release and quick acting fertilizer; Direct seeding rice; Yield; Rice quality; Influence

随着国内经济的发展， 农业现代化进程加快，农业结构调整， 农村劳动力向第二、三产业转移， 真正从业人员大量减少，劳动力价格及种地成本的不断攀高，而传统移栽稻需要育秧、拔秧、移栽等过程，劳动强度大、用工量大，生产成本高，而直播稻省去了育秧、拔秧、插秧等工序，达到省工、省力、节本、增效的目的，因此，直播稻不推自广并且得以迅速发展[1-5]。但水稻直播在生产上存在着诸多需要解决和探讨的问题[6-7]，施肥是其中之一，什么时期施肥、施什么样的肥、施肥量多少、施肥次数等对水稻旱直播生长发育、产量都会产生很大的影响。施肥次数多，增加劳动量及成本；施肥量大影响生态环境，追肥偏晚，可能造成田间植株分蘖多、后期倒伏、贪青及产量降低；……