ACADEMICS

From the Chinese 权利 to the Japanese 權利:Variation and Regression

Abstract：Asaterm,theChinesewordof权利 (right)wasformedinChinaandintegratedintothemodernChineselanguage,whosesemanticscopedoescoverthemeaningofpublicpower.LoanedfromChinese,theJapanesewordof權利experiencedmutationafterenteringthefieldofJapanesejurisprudence,andwhosesemanticscopeconsequentlycoversthemeaningsofvariouspublicpowers.Strictlyspeaking,thislatterconceptbelongstountranslatedJapanese.TheChinesetermcameintobeinginChinainthe1860s,andwasadoptedinJapaneselegalstudiesandmaintainedamainstreamstatusformorethan20years.TheJapanesewordof權利firstappearedinJapaneselegalstudiesinthe1890sandcompleteditsstandardizationbytheearly20thcentury,aftercompetingwiththeChinesewordof权利.Atthesametime,itbegantomakeitswaybacktoChina.TheChinesejurisprudenceofthelateQingDynastyandtheRepublicofChinacompletelyinheritedthediscoursesystemcenteredontheJapaneseterm.ThoughtheinfluenceoftheJapanesetermincontemporaryChinesejurisprudenceresearchisdeclining,itstillholdsadominantpositioninteachingcoursesofbasiclegaltheories.ItisimportantforcontemporaryChinesejurisprudencetofullyreturntothesenseoftheoriginalChineseterm,whileabsorbingandassimilatingthereasonableelementsoftheJapaneseterm,soastoformadiscoursesystemwithfaquanorotherlocalizedconceptsasitscore.

Key words：theChinesewordof权利;theJapanesewordof權利;legalsystem;basiccategoriesofjurisprudence

TongZhiwei

GuangdongUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

Typical Fact Patterns of Internet Verbal Insults and Their Criminal Qualification

Abstract：Verbalabuse,personalabuseanddisclosureofphysicalprivacyarethreetypicalfactpatternsofinternetverbalinsults.Thepresenceofmaliciousintentisthekeytodistinguishingbetweenthecrimeofinsultingothersonlinethroughrandomverbalabuseandthecrimeofprovocation.Acomprehensiveanalysisofthenatureoftheeventbeingattacked,theauthenticityoftheattackingremarks,theintensityoftheattack,andthesocietaltoleranceforsuchattacksarethefourkeyfactorsindeterminingwhetheranonlineattackismalicious.Postingvideosofwomen’snon-compulsorynudebodiesonlineonlyconstitutesthecrimeofinsultingothers,whilepostingvideosofcompulsorynudebodiesisacombinationofthecrimeofforcedinsultandthecrimeofinsultingothers.

Key words：Internetverbalinsult;determinationofcriminalqualification;onlineverbalabuse;onlinepersonalattack;disclosureofphysicalprivacy

ZhangXiaohu

RenminUniversityofChina

The Border of Cyberspace Sovereignty from the Perspective of Domain Name Territory

Abstract：Althoughcountriesdonotclaimsovereigntyovercyberspacebasedondomainnames,theyexercisesovereigntyovercyberspacebyclaimingphysicalterritorysovereigntyandextendingittocyberspace.However,domainnameterritoryisthemainwayfornetworkplatformstocomplywiththemanagementofcyberspacesovereigntyinvariouscountries.Duetothelackofcorrespondinginternationalrules,cyberspacesovereigntyisunclear.Thepowerfulinterventionofgeopoliticalfactorsandthedisorderlycompetitionofcountriesincyberspacehaveposedsignificantchallengestonetworksecurity,leadingtothefragmentation,cutting-off,supervision,militaryization,distrustandweaponizationofthecyberspace.Ontheotherhand,globalnetworkgiants,whoexercisethepowerofquasigovernmentandmanagetheirnetworkplatformsbasedondomainnamesandgeographicfiltering,onlymakethesituationworse.Neitherthroughdomainnamemodelsorthehierarchicaldivisionofcyberspacebasedonphysicalpresenceandtransitpassmodels,isitimpossibletosimultaneouslyreflecttherealityofcyberspacesovereigntywhilereducingitsfragmentation.However,amodelthatcombinesdomainnameswithphysicalpresenceholdsthepromiseofclarifyingthecomplexrealitiesofcyberspacesovereigntyandtheglobalmaze,whilerespectingnationalsovereigntyandmaintainingtheglobalnatureofcyberspace.Atpresent,Chinashouldactivelypromotethelegalactivitiesoftheinternationalcommunityincyberspace,clarifythevariousregionsofcyberspacethroughthecombinationofdomainnamesandphysicalexistence,constructthecyberspaceorderbasedonarticulatingthedivisionofpowerincyberspace,soastopromoteglobalcyberspacegovernancebybuildingacyberspacecommunitywithasharedfuture,ensurethatcyberspacebenefitshumansocietyandavoiditsside-effectonstatesecurityandinternationalsecurity.

Key words：cyberspacesovereignty;fragmentationofcyberspace;domainnamesystem;multistakeholdermodel;cyberspacesecurity

YangYonghong

SouthwestUniversityofPoliticalScience&Law

The Modes of Thinking Necessary for Dealing with the Tensions and Challenges Concerning the Chinese-Style Modernization

Abstract：The20thCPCNationalCongressstatedthatthemissionandtaskofCPCintheneweraistocomprehensivelypromotethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationwithChinese-stylemodernization.Inthesituationofcomplexmodernity,thetaskisfacedwithchallengescausedbythetensionsbetweenindependentdevelopmentandglobalization,betweennationalidentityandhumancommunityidentity,betweenworldmodernizationprocessandChinesenationalrejuvenation,andbetweensocialismandcapitalism.Therefore,innovativethinkingmodesarerequiredtoaddressthetensionsandchallenges.Itemphasizesthecoordinationandequalimportanceofcertainthinkingstyles,suchasindependentthinkingandintegratedthinking,aswellascomprehensivethinkingandresponsiblethinking.Italsoemphasizesthetransformationandemphasisofcertainthinkingstyles,suchasshiftingfromreactivethinkingtoproactivethinking,andprioritizingverticalthinkingoverhorizontalthinking.

Key words：Chinese-stylemodernization;complexmodernity;tensionandchallenge;innovationofthinkingmode

XiaoXiang

ZhejiangNormalUniversity

Studies on Effective Political Vehicles and Essential
Characteristics of Chinese-Style Modernization

Abstract：TopromoteChina’smodernization,itisnecessarytobothturnovertheoldpagesoftraditionalChinesehistoryandcontinuouslyopenupnewhorizonsincontemporaryChina.However,bothtasksareextremelydifficult.ThefactthatChinaisafourinoneandmutuallyreinforcingorganicwholecomposedofsmall-scalepeasanteconomy,imperialpolitics,Confuciancultureandgentrysociety,determinesthatthesocialtransformationofmodernChinaisanoveralltransformation,andthetransformationwillbeextremelydifficult.Noneofthesocialforces,whethergentry,bureaucrats,smallfarmersormerchants,canshoulderthemissionofsupportingChina’ssocialtransformation.China’sdifficultsocialtransformationcallsforaneffectivepoliticalcarrier,namelymodernpoliticalparties.Themoreacountrylagsbehind,thestrongerthedrivingforceofmodernizationitneeds.Therefore,China’smodernization,withthemostcomplexinternalandexternalsituationsandthelargestpopulationintheworld,needstobeledbythestrongestpoliticalparty.Historyhasproventhatbothturningovertheoldpagesandopeningupnewhorizonsrequirepoliticalpartiestotakethelead,whichshapestheessentialcharacteristicsofChinese-stylemodernization.Chinese-stylemodernizationisthesocialistmodernizationledbytheCommunistPartyofChina.

Key words：Chinese-stylemodernization;politicalvehicle;essentialcharacteristics;leadershipoftheParty

ZhuXinshan

DonghuaUniversity

Systematic Logics of Promoting Chinese-Style Economic Modernization with High-Quality Development

Abstract：InordertodevelopthetheoreticalsystemofChinese-stylemodernizationandfurtherpromotetheconstructionofasocialistmoderncountryinthenewera,weneedtosystematicallystudythehistoricallogic,theoreticallogic,practicallogic,valuelogic,institutionallogicandpolicylogicofpromotingChinese-stylemodernizationwithhigh-qualitydevelopmentfromtheeconomicdimension.Intermsofhistoricallogic,thelogicalstartingpointistopromotethetransformationfromanagriculturalcountrytoanindustrialcountry.Thelogicalcontextisthethree-dimensionalsynergyofproductivityfromquantitytoqualityundereconomicmodernizationtopromoteeconomic,socialandgovernancemodernization.Indealingwiththeconflictbetweentraditionandmodernity,weneedtofollowaholisticdevelopmentviewandahuman-centeredlogictoreconstructanewpatternofmodernization.Intermsofpracticallogic,wemustdevelopnewhorizonsfordevelopmentideasfromaholisticperspective,replacetraditionalideasofmodernizationwithsocialistmodernity,andestablishmechanismstoimprovethequalityofdigitaleconomy-enabledproductivity,upgradeeconomicstructurestoenablenewdevelopmentpatterns,andeffectivelyenhancenationalgovernancemodernizationcapabilities.Intermsoftheoreticallogic,thelogicalframeworkcoversthreebasicdimensions:“objectivenecessity—goalorientation—developmentpattern”.Theseincludetheobjectivenecessityofshiftingtohigh-qualitydevelopment,thegoalorientationofChinese-styleeconomicmodernization,theformationofhigh-qualityproductivitydrivenbyinnovation,thecoordinatedpromotionoffourmodernizationswithindustrializationasthemainline,andtheinstitutionalbalancebetweenmarketeconomyandgovernmentgovernance.Intermsofpracticallogic,weshouldopenupanewrealmofdevelopmentthoughtwiththeconceptofoveralldevelopment,replacethetraditionalmodernizationwithsocialistmodernity,andbuildamechanismforimprovingthequalityofproductivityenabledbydigitaleconomy,amechanismforupgradingtheeconomicstructuretoenableanewdevelopmentpattern,andaneffectivemechanismforimprovingthemodernabilityofnationalgovernance.Intermsofvaluelogic,weshouldtake“humansociety”or“societyofhumans”asthestartingpoint,adheretosocialistvalueprinciples,takethecommonprosperityofallpeopleasthevaluejudgment,andpromotecommonmodernizationbasedoncommunityvalues.Intermsofinstitutionallogic,weshouldpromotetheintegrationofsocialismandmodernization,socialistmarketeconomyandmodernization,andmoderngovernancesystemandmodernization.Intermsofpolicylogic,weshouldadheretousingnationaldevelopmentplansasthestrategicguide,takingthesupply-sidestructuralreformasthemainline,andusethemethodologyofsteadyprogresstoinnovateandimprovemacro-control.

Key words：qualitydevelopment;Chinese-styleeconomicmodernization;theoreticallogic

RenBaoping1,LiPeiwei2

1.NanjingUniversity;2.NorthwestUniversity

Entrepreneurship Theory in the Economic Science:An Overview
of Evolution Trajectory and Major Contributions

Abstract：Thoughentrepreneursarecrucialeconomicactorsinmarketprocess,mainstreameconomics,restrictedbyhighlyformality,generallydoesnotinvolveanalysisofentrepreneurshiptheory.Intheoverallevolutionofentrepreneurshiptheory,Cantillon,Knight,andtheAustrianSchoolmadeimportantcontributions.SinceCantillon,economicsciencehasemphasizedtheimportanceofviewingtherolesofentrepreneursfromafunctionalperspective,analyzinghowentrepreneursperceiveuncertaintyandrisksintheeconomicfield,whatconstitutesthepureentrepreneurialelementsthatdistinguishesthemfromothereconomicactors,andwhatarethesourcesofprofits.TheThediverseperspectivesofdifferentscholarshaveenrichedandfurtheredthestudyofentrepreneurshiptheory,helpingtoenhancetheunderstandingofthecharacteristicsandrolesofentrepreneurs,whilelayingthefoundationforfurtherdevelopmentofentrepreneurialtheory.

Key words：economicscience;entrepreneur;entrepreneurship;entrepreneurshiptheory

FengXingyuan1,MengBing2

1.ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences;2.UniversityofChineseAcademyofSocialSciences

The Decentralizing Feature of Online Mass Culture

Abstract：Duetotheapplicationofnewnetworkmediatechnology,theInternethasemergedasabrandnewpublicfieldthatattractsamuchbroaderaudiencethanthetraditionalfield,resultinginadistinctformofpopularculturedifferentfromthatoftheindustrialage.Unlikethemasscultureoftheindustrialage,whichwascontrolledbythepowercenter,networkmasscultureshowsadistinctcharacteristicofdecentralization.Thisqualityisembodiedinthemultiplefacets,includingtheremovaloflinguisticcenters,aestheticcenters,rational(spiritual)centersandhumancenters.Throughthealmostunlimitedopenspaceandcomplexoperationofmultipleaspects,thenetworkmassculturerejectsallkindsofclosedcentralization.Theopennessresultingfromdecentralizationenablesthedevelopmentofhumanculturetoembraceinfinitepossibilities.

Key words：network(Internet);field;massculture;decentralization;evolution

ChengXiaoping

UniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics

Technological Alienation in Digital Space Production and Its Solution

Abstract：Theproductionofdigitalspacehasbecomeoneofthemainmodesofproductionincontemporarysociety.However,withthecontinuousapplicationofdigitaltechnology,thealienationoftechnologyintheproductionofdigitalspacehasbecomeincreasinglyprominent,bringingsomenegativeimpactsonsociety.Firstly,thetriplemanifestationsoftechnologicalalienationintheproductionofdigitalspacemainlyincludestechnologicalalienationintheproductionprocessofdigitalproducts,thatintheuseofdigitaltechnology,andthatintheprocessofdigitalsocialnetworks.Secondly,itiscausedbytheimbalanceofdigitaltechnologyattributes,theinterest-drivenuseofdigitaltechnology,andthemismatchbetweendigitaltechnologyandsociety,culture,andpsychology.Finally,tosolvetheproblem,weneedtoreformandinnovateindigitaltechnologyeducation,innovateandoptimizedigitaltechnologymanagement,adoptahuman-centeredapproachtodigitaltechnologydesign,andpromotesocialparticipation.Thegovernmentshouldfurtherenhancethesynergybetweentechnologyandtalentindigitalspaceproduction,andenhancetheefficiencyandsustainabilityofdigitalspaceproduction.

Key words：digitalspaceproduction;technologicalalienation;manifestation;generativemechanism

SunQuansheng

ShanghaiUniversity

Basic Laws and Concrete Ways of the Integration of Ancient Chinese Literary Styles

Abstract：Becauseallstylesareessentiallysimilarandonlydifferinthedetails,theyarepotentiallycompatibletooneanother.ThecontinuousdifferentiationandanalysisofvariousstylesinancientChinaaccidentallypavedthewayfortheirintegration.StyleintegrationinancientChinaischaracterizedbyautonomy,compatibility,asymmetry,andexclusivity.Itcanalsobecalledstyleinteraction.ThereareapproximatelysixspecificwaysofstyleinteractioninancientChina,namely：constructiveinteraction;patterninteraction;speakingtoneinteraction;languagestyleinteraction;styleinteraction;genre,typeinteraction.Thesesixwaysofinteractionarenotinsulated;onthecontrary,theyoftencoexistandoperatesimultaneouslywithacombinationofvariousmethods.

Key words：Chinaancientstylistics;styleintegration;styleinteraction;basiclaws;concreteways

WangZhangcai

HenanUniversityofEconomicsandLaw

The Decline of the Status of Russia (USSR) in the Modern Northeastern Asia Railway and Port System

Abstract：Inmoderntimes,therailwayandportsystemscontrolledrespectivelybyChina,JapanandRussia(USSR)competedfiercelyforthenorthernhinterlandofNortheastChina,withrailwayconstructionasthecoremeans.Thoughduetovariousreasons,suchastheoppositionofChinaandJapan,theeffortsofRussia(USSR)tobuildasupplyrailwayfortheTMR(Trans-ManchurianRailway)provedtobeonlyminimallyeffectivetheintermodaltransportationbetweentheSonghuaRiverandtheTMR,togetherwithChina’sself-builtHulan-HailunRailway,becameafeederlinefortheTMR,compensatingfortheinsufficiencyoffeederlinesfortheTMR,andsloweddownthedeclineoftheRussia-SovietUnionrailwayandportsysteminNortheastChinatoacertainextent.Thatsaid,beforetheSeptember18thIncidentin1931,thewesternhinterlandoftheTMRwassegmentedtoacertainextentbyseveralChineserailwaysthatbecamefeederlinesfortheSouthManchuriaRailwayduetoloansthatChinahadborrowedfromJapan.Withnoadvantageousports,theChinese-builtrailwaysbecamethefeederlinesforboththeSouthManchuriaRailwayandTMR,withtheSouthManchuriaRailwaygainingbetterbenefits.AftertheSeptember18thIncident,theeasternandsouthernhinterlandsoftheTMRweremoreseriouslydividedbyJapan’snewlybuiltJikaiRailway-NorthernKoreanPortsSystem.Inshort,underthecombinedblowsoftheChineseandJapanesesystems,themodernRussian-SovietUnionrailwayandportsysteminNortheastAsiakeptdeclining,whichsignificantlychangedthepoliticalandeconomicpatternofNortheastAsiaandeventhewholeofAsia.

Key words：themoderntimes;Russian-SovietUnion;NortheastAsia;railwayandportsystem;decline

NiuShuzhen

SichuanUniversity

The Thought of Moral Salvation of the Country by Revolutionary Patriots in the Late Qing Dynasty

Abstract：Inresponsetothedirerealitythat“Chinaisnolongerasovereigncountry”and“Chinaisdevoidoftalents”,manyrevolutionarypatriotsinthelateQingDynastysincerelycalledformoralsalvationofthecountry.Believingthatmoralityplaysasignificantroleinthenationstateandfullyrecognizingthemoralvalueofrevolution,theystrivedtopursueamorallyidealsociety,includingrequiringrevolutionariestohavegoodmoralliteracy,advocatingforactivelyshapingtherevolutionarypersonalityofthenationalgrouptoboostnationalspiritandenhancednationalcohesion,soastobetterpromotethemodernChinesebourgeoisrevolution.Objectivelyspeacking,theireffortsplayedahistoricalpreludetothemodernconstructionofrevolutionarymoralculture.

Key words：lateQingDynasty;revolutionarypatriots;callfor;moralsalvationofthecountry;revolutionarypersonality;unityofknowledgeandaction;moralculturalspirit

ZhaoYancai

ZhongnanUniversityofEconomics&Law

Between Politics and Business:An Analysis of Wang Maoyin’s Pro-Business Thought

Abstract：WangMaoyin’spro-businessthoughtisreflectedinhiscurrencyreformplan,asshowninhisemphasisonstrictlylimitingthequantityofpapermoney,promotingcurrencyexchange,andtheroleofmerchantsandmoneyshopsintheuseofcash.Othermajoraspectsofhispro-businessthoughtincludeadvocatingfacilitationoftradetoprotectpeople’sbusiness,opposingtheoppressionofmerchants,ortheestablishmentofatariffsystemtoburdenmerchants,payingspecialattentiontoandsafeguardtheinterestsofHuimerchants.Theformationoftheseideaswascloselyrelatedtohisfamilybackground,hisbusinessexperienceandthebusinessatmosphereofHuizhouarea.Hisattitudeofsafeguardingthemerchantsinterestsandthoseofthefeudalstateisbothcontradictoryandunified.Hispro-businessthoughtisthecoreofhisentireeconomicthought.

Key words：WangMaoyin;pro-businessthought;currencyreformplan

CaoTiansheng

AnhuiUniversityofFinance&Economics

Ma Yinchu and the Construction of Chinese Monetary Theory

Abstract：Afterreturningfromstudyingabroadintheearly20thcentury,MaYinchubegantousetheWesternmonetaryandfinancialtheoryhehadlearnedtoconstructamonetarytheorysuitableforChinainsolvingthecurrencyproblem.Toachievethis,heundertookthreetasks.Firstly,heextensivelyabsorbedandsystematicallyintroducedWesternmonetaryandfinancialtheoriesandexperiences,particularlythemorepopularWesternmonetarytheoriesatthattime,andcriticallytransformedthem.Secondly,basedontheactualsituationofChina’smonetaryproblems,heproposedsolutionstotheurgentcurrencyissues.Thirdly,heconstructedthemonetarytheorywhichhethoughtwassuitableforChina’sreality.HisA New Theory of MoneywasasummaryofhismonetarythoughttheoryandaimedtooutlineablueprintforsolvingthecurrencyproblemsaftertheAnti-JapaneseWar.Hispracticeofconstructinganativemonetarytheoryhascertainimplicationsforthecurrenteraofconstructingalocaltheoreticaldiscoursesystem.

Key words：MaYinchu;modernChina;domesticmonetarytheory

Fengjian

QingdaoUniversity

The Human Rights Crisis of Roma People in the Light of Environmental Racism in Europe

Abstract：Warren’sprotestsinthe1980sunveiledtheproblemofenvironmentalracismintheUnitedStates,andtheconsequentenvironmentaljusticemovementreceivedglobalresponseandsupport.ThesameproblemexistsinEurope,whereRomaliveinareaswithinadequateinfrastructure,environmentalpollutionanddegradation,moresothannon-Romapeople.ItismanifestedinformofdiscriminationagainstRomapeopleinCentralandEasternEurope,andisfueledbythecontinuationofAnti-Gypsyism,whilethevictimizedgroupsaresubjectedtomultipleformsofpersecution,includingproximitytocontaminatedareasandlackofenvironmentalinfrastructure.Environmentalracismunderminesbasichumanrightssuchastherighttoadequatehousingandtherighttohealth,andisessentiallyaformofracialdiscriminationintheundertakingofenvironmentalhazards.Intoday’sinternationalcommunity,whichemphasizestheprotectionofbasichumanrights,thepersecutionofethnicminoritiessuchasRomabyenvironmentalracismisanurgentproblemtobedealtwithbyEuropeancountries.

Key words：environmentalracism;humanrights;Roma;environmentaljustice

YanQing,XuOu

MinzuUniversityofChina