急性视网膜坏死综合征的早期诊断及治疗进展

2024-05-21 22:24:02田非儿王玉清
中国医学创新 2024年8期

田非儿 王玉清

【摘要】 急性视网膜坏死综合征(acute retinal necrosis syndrome,ARNS)是一种主要由疱疹病毒感染引起的以重度全葡萄膜炎、视网膜坏死灶、视网膜动脉为主的视网膜血管炎、玻璃体炎、脉络膜炎和后期视网膜裂孔及脱离为主要临床表现的一组眼病综合征。现阶段ARNS的误诊率仍然较高,早期临床表现缺乏特异性,导致ARNS患者治疗棘手,致盲率高。ARNS一经确诊,应立即行足量的抗病毒药物联合糖皮质激素对症治疗,预防性行视网膜激光光凝术,必要时行玻璃体切割术,尽可能留住患者生活视力。本文结合相关文献,对ARNS的早期诊断及相关治疗进展进行综述。

【关键词】 急性视网膜坏死综合征 早期诊断 治疗进展

Early Diagnosis and Treatment Progress of Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome/TIAN Feier, WANG Yuqing. //Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(08): -182

[Abstract] Acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARNS) is a group of ophthalmic syndromes mainly caused by herpesvirus infection, with the main clinical manifestations of severe panuveitis, retinal necrosis, retinal vasculitis dominated by retinal artery, vitreous inflammation, choroiditis, and retinal hole and detachment at the late stage. At present, the misdiagnosis rate of ARNS is still high, and the early clinical manifestations lack specificity, which leads to the difficult treatment of ARNS patients and the high rate of blindness. Once ARNS is diagnosed, adequate antiviral drug combined with glucocorticoid symptomatic treatment should be performed immediately, and retinal laser photocoagulation should be prevented, vitrectomy should be performed if necessary, and patients should retain their living vision as much as possible. This article reviews the early diagnosis and treatment progress of ARNS based on relevant literatures.

[Key words] Acute retinal necrosis syndrome Early diagnosis Treatment progress

First-author's address: Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.08.040

急性视网膜坏死综合征(ARNS)是一个从眼前节到眼后节均受累的综合征,起病急,进展快,预后差,是一种严重的致盲眼病。患者短期内会出现眼红、眼痛、畏光、异物感、视力下降和眼前黑影等症状。在未接受正确治疗的情况下,病程进展迅速,约70%的患者可累及健眼,大于50%的患者可出现因视网膜坏死导致的视网膜萎缩、玻璃体增殖牵拉导致的视网膜脱离,最后丧失视力。ARNS诊断缺乏特异性,相关文献报道,ARNS误诊率高达70%以上,某些医疗单位的误诊率甚至高达100%[1]。很多初诊患者被诊断为前葡萄膜炎、青光眼、玻璃体积血、视网膜脱离等。早期给予明确的诊断,进行及时、正确有效的治疗,以改善患者的预后及提高生活质量,值得我们进一步的探索与研究。本文从ARNS的病因、临床表现、辅助检查及治疗进展等进行了系统的讨论与综述,为ARNS的早期诊断及治疗提供了思路。……

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