吐蕃朝贡与唐蕃关系的互动研究

张艺凡

内容摘要：吐蕃对唐的朝贡，为认识唐蕃关系提供了一个较好的途径。朝贡的正常进行是唐蕃之间友好关系的维系，其朝贡过程中出现的中断是双方关系紧张的变相反映。通过对吐蕃常见贡品、贡期规律的分析，探究吐蕃朝贡对双方的影响以及唐蕃双方背后的政治关系演变。吐蕃朝贡影响深远，突出表现在促进了双方在制造工艺、物质文化、精神文化等方面的交流，加深了汉藏人民的文化认同。

关键词：吐蕃；朝贡；唐蕃关系；

中图分类号：K289  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2024）02-0141-10

A Study on the Impact that Tibetan Tribute Had on the Relationship

between the Tibetans and the Tang Dynasty

Abstract：Research on the tribute paid by the Tibetans to the Tang dynasty provides a new angle to understanding the relationship between the two peoples. The process of paying regular tribute can be linked to the maintenance of friendly relations between the Tang and the Tibetans， while occasional interruption in the Tibetan's tribute indirectly reflects moments of diplomatic tension. By analyzing the most common items of tribute and the rules by which regular tribute was paid， this paper explores the influence that such payments had on the relationship between the Tibetans and the Tang dynasty， and on the evolution of the political ties between them. In addition to reflecting diplomatic connections， the payment of tribute also promoted exchanges of manufacturing technology， material culture， and spiritual culture， and even had the effect of deepening the cultural identities of both the Han Chinese and Tibetan peoples.

Keywords： Tibet; paying tribute; Tang-Tibet relationship

关于唐蕃关系，相关论著及文章很多，如马大正《公元650—820年唐蕃关系述论》从唐蕃间的争斗、和亲与会盟三个方面对近200年间的唐蕃关系进行评述［1］，林冠群《玉帛干戈：唐蕃关系史研究》运用汉、藏文献从多个阶段对唐蕃关系的表面变化以及属性变化进行分析［2］。一些文章具体论述某一时期的唐蕃关系，如安应民《论墀松德赞时期唐蕃关系的曲折发展》［3］、马勇《论唐宪宗、穆宗时期的唐蕃关系》［4］等。也有一些文章另辟蹊径，从细微事件入手探讨唐蕃关系，如黄杰《从唐蕃高层书信往来看唐蕃关系》［5］、王庆昱《新见崔汉衡墓志与唐蕃关系考论》［6］、陈飞飞《〈破吐蕃露布〉与其所反映的唐蕃关系研究》［7］等。总的来说，已有研究大多集中在唐蕃之间的和亲、战争、会盟。对于吐蕃入贡唐朝的频率、时机与唐蕃关系之间联系，少有学者系统论述。朝贡作为边疆诸族与地方政权向中原王朝表示归属的特殊形式，为研究唐蕃关系提供了很好的途径，朝贡的持续正常进行是唐蕃之间友好关系的维系，其朝贡过程中出现的持年中断是双方关系紧张的变相反映。……