“猪一沼一葡”生态模式的构建探索与实践

中图分类号 F323.22;S828 文献标识码A 文章编号1007-7731（2025）15-0025-05

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.007

Exploration and practice of“pig-biogas-grapes\" ecological model

EN Jiajia' YOU Binqian² XU Chenyu CAO Dunqi4 SHEN Yan5 CAI Zhulin³ CHENG Qinhai ²

（ ¹ Jiaxing Soil and Fertilizer PlantProtection and Rural Energy Station，Jiaxing 314OOo，China; （2 ² Haining Soil and Fertilizer Plant Protection Energy Technology Service Station，Haining 31440o， China; 3Agricultural and Rural Office of Xieqiao Town，Haining 3144Oo， China; 4Zhejiang Jianong Agricultural Development Co.，Ltd.， Jiaxing 3140o1， China; 5Haining Rural Digital and Information Center， Haining 314400， China）

AbstractTaking the renovation and upgrading of biogas engineering facilities as a link，and building a new type of effcient ecological circular model that combines planting and breeding based onlocal conditions is oneof theefective ways toachieve high quality agricultural development.Thecomprehensiveutilization projectof three biogas（marsh liquid，marsh gas，marsh residue）of a certain agricultural company in Jiaxing City，Zhejiang Province was taken asan example，the problems and causes of thecompany’s engineering facilities were analyzed， therenovation process of the“pig-biogas-grape”ecological circular model was discussed，and its benefits were analyzed.Through field visitsand investigations，it was found that duetothe long operation time and inadequate management and maintenanceof thecompany’scomprehensiveutilization project of three biogas，therewere problemssuchastheneedtoimprove theeficiencyofanaerobic fermentation，theneed toimprovethefacilities for theutilizationof biogas fertilizer，the need to strengthen theresourceutilizationof biogas，the need to improve the storage facilities and utilization channels of pig manure and biogas residue，and the need to further standardize the application of biogas fertilizer.Specificrenovation measuresincluded through theexpansionand optimizationof anaerobic fermentation，theeficiency of anaerobicfermentation was improved;by combining multi-stage sedimentationand filtration，oxidation pond aeration，grape planting absorption，and pressure regulation andgas supply，thefacilitiesforbiogas liquid post-treatment，biogasliquidtransportation，and biogas distributionwere improved; by using mixed anaerobic and other fermentation technologies，the process of manure and sewage treatment wasoptimized;andthe application technology of biogas fertilizer was standardized fromseed soaking，base fertilizer，and top dressng.Through the above renovations，the“pig-biogas-grape”ecological circular model was successfullyconstructed.This model hasachievedgood economic，social andecological benefits，including increasig the yield and qualityof agricultural products; integrating green production technologies and promoting the integration of agricultural machineryand agricultural techniques; efectivelysolving the utilizationproblemof manure and sewage from large scale pig farms and protecting the ecological environment.

Keywordsbiogas engineering; transformation and upgrading; ecological cycle; comprehensive utilization

沼气工程作为一种处理农业废弃物，回收能源的技术，在畜禽养殖环境治理方面应用广泛。近年来，随着养殖业结构的持续调整优化，以畜禽粪便为原料的传统沼气工程面临厌氧发酵不充分、资源化利用受限、无害化处理成本高等问题。随着人们对农产品口感、营养等品质要求的日益提升，亟须优化沼肥等新型有机肥料的科学施用技术，不断提升配套的工程技术及管理水平。其中，“猪一沼一果\"生态循环模式是典型的生态模式之一。张建平研究表明，“猪一沼一果\"循环农业生产模式对提高农民经济收益具有重要意义。李钟等对“猪一沼一葡\"生态模式的构建进行探索实践，建立了以沼液为中心，上联生猪养殖、下促葡萄种植的循环经济模式。

浙江嘉兴地区在沼气工程改造过程中，结合种养业发展特色，积极探索“猪一沼一桑”“猪—沼一檇季”“猪一沼一稻”等特色的生态循环模式，促进了农业发展方式的转变。依托特色优势产业“阳光玫瑰”葡萄栽培由量向质的转型，完善构建了“猪一沼一葡\"生态模式，有效改善了养殖污染，提高了农产品质量安全水平，促进了绿色有机农产品生产。本文以研究区某农业公司为例，通过走访调查其常规沼气工程存在的问题，并对其进行改造升级，探讨“猪一沼一葡”生态循环模式的构建，为相关模式构建提供参考。

1常规沼气工程有待提升环节

以研究区某农业公司为例，该公司生猪养殖场占地面积 2.5hm² ，2008年启动畜禽养殖污染集中治理，其间建造了常温厌氧发酵沼气池、沼液贮存池、固液分离、沼液沼渣综合利用及沼液生化处理等养殖粪污治理设施3；……