中国商务会展英语新闻类型与框架分析

2015-12-29 07:44张静
山东农业工程学院学报 2015年8期
关键词:会展厦门博览会

张静

(厦门海洋职业技术学院工商系福建厦门361001)

中国商务会展英语新闻类型与框架分析

张静

(厦门海洋职业技术学院工商系福建厦门361001)

商务英语新闻按照不同的主题分类有着各不相同的行文框架。将某一类新闻的框架总结出来并配以相关表达法将有助于透彻理解、掌握特定类型新闻的行文规律与背景。本文主要分析总结会展类商务英语新闻的框架,在框架建构理论和定量定性的数据分析法基础上,内容涉及四个维度:商务会展英语新闻标题的拟定风格、用语基调、行文框架、国内主要展会类型。

商务会展;英语新闻;框架分析

0.引言

商务英语新闻具有多重分类标准,其中一种分类是按照新闻主题来划分。本文在框架建构理论的基础上,通过定量和定性数据分析法,分析比较多达几百篇以上不同时期不同主题的商务会展类新闻,初步总结出会展新闻的标题拟定风格、用语特点和基调、国内主要展会类型、较为通用的行文框架。本文对商务会展主题的定义并非只是狭义的贸易会展而是广义的与商业世界有关联的所有会展。

1.新闻框架建构理论和内容分析法

“框架”(frame)概念首先由人类学家Bateson提出,定义是“期待( expectations)”,即“说话人对参与交际的语境和交际活动都表现出期待”。[1]根据学者Reid的理论,读者对文本的结构、句子长度、内容梗概、与文本相关的图表、标题与副标题等都有期待,阅读中读者对文本的反应折射出他们对世界知识的认知框架以及对文本的兴趣程度。所以要提高阅读、写作、传播英语新闻的效率,亟需对各类主题的商务英语新闻进行分类框架建构。新闻框架包含新闻的核心思想、风格和行文规律,而其形成是文本客观内容、媒体意图、信息源、受众、社会政治文化背景等多元素交融的结果。

本论文采取新闻传播研究领域常用的一种研究方法即对文本内容定量、定性分析。所采纳的英语新闻研究素材多取自Chinadaily。

2.大环境政治文化倾向以及网络和当下的经济发展水平影响着展会英语新闻的框架用语特点和基调

(1)中国近些年提倡反腐和节俭,会展新闻在用语中就反应出这种政治倾向,大量出现thrift,frugality,save等关键词,这体现了Chinadaily作为国家级媒体的政治立场。例如:新闻CIFIT waltzes to an end[2]中的摘要如下:Thisyear's fair has followed the central government's"Eight-point Rules"and has stuck to a principle of thrift and a spirit of frugality,pragmatism,less administration,and less formality compared to last year.

采用定量定性分析的方法,分别以thrift和exhibition为关键词以及用frugality和exhibition为关键词,在Chinadaily中搜索,按照新旧度排行,制作出下列表格:

表格一

从表格一中可以看出2012年之后出现thrift和frugality的商务会展类英语新闻分别占据了总数的86.7%和92.3%,清晰地反应出“反腐和节俭”的政治主线贯穿于近年官方媒体报导中。

(2)随网络的日益普及,商务会展类新闻大量出现internet,website, online,Alibaba等。

表格二

从表格二可以看出:onlinewebsiteAlibaba等英文词汇在商务会展英语新闻中高频出现,侧映出网络普及与电商兴盛,以及二者与商务会展的紧密融合。会展英语新闻是时代科技与现代主流商务模式的一个媒介展示平台。

(3)会展新闻中大量涌现汽车博览会新闻,出现频率高且所涉地域分布广。

(4)如果将新闻架构与政府意图契合度作比对,进行共时性分析,即依据契合度强弱,从新闻构架要素——标题、导语、正文、图片(含图表)等分析,新闻可分为积极性、消极性、中性三类。报导展会情况的新闻鲜有消极性的,以积极和中性为主流风格。一般都符合政府意图、顺应政府口径、有利于赢得公众舆论;而那些偏离政府意图、逾越政府口径的会展类英语新闻则几乎见不到。中性要素包含两类,一类是没有明显积极或消极色彩的纯动态一手信息播报,另一类是持中立立场,平衡报道正反两种态度的信息。

近年由于网络交易平台的冲击,展会的成交情况普遍堪忧,对于那些弱政府背景的展会,新闻会采用更直白尖刻的报道方式,所用表达方式包括:a slump marked by high inventory and closing stores或Belle says sluggish economy is to bring 2-year profit squeeze.但是作为政府的一个对外窗口,Chinadaily通常更委婉地报导日渐式微的具有政府背景的展会,采用的英文表达往往包括:Transactions and the number of buyers at thecountry's largesttrade event declined amid weak demand from traditional and emerging markets或Exporters lower sights for sales at Canton Fair as woes persist.Weak demand,higher production costs cast shadow on manufacturers.Lower overseas demand will likely continue to exert pressure on Chinese exporters in the months ahead,as exhibitors met fewer potential buyers on Wednesday at the opening of the nation's largest and most famous trade fair.[3]

另外展会体现政府意图还体现在展会报导强调台海经济关系。

3.会展类商务英语新闻的标题拟定风格

Chinadaily的会展新闻标题拟定风格主要有两种:平叙式整句结构类型和名词短语eg.91st China Food and Drinks Fair wraps up,Food procurement fair a big hit.这与我国媒体的报导基调通常追求端庄稳重有关。这与华尔街日报的标题风格差异性较大,其通常为了博眼球都会采用比较生动,更多修辞色彩的标题。[4]

4.会展类英语新闻的信息源主要分五类

(1)主办方消息源:包括各级政府、各民间机构以及相关负责人等。

(2)受众或展会参观人员消息源:该种信息源旨在从普通人的侧面视角展示某展会的评价情况。

(3)展会相关人士消息源:包括业内人士、不愿透露姓名的人士、参展商等,此类消息源具有提供者身份的模糊性,即采用隐匿真实身份的方式来援引观点。

(4)学者、专家、名人消息源。

(5)其他:包括消息来源不明确或没有消息来源。如采用“据悉”、“据报导”的表述It’s said that,It’s reported that。

5.近年中国主要展会类型及主题思想

近年国内展会呈现百花齐放的盛景。会展类英语新闻除了延续一些传统类展会外,还出现许多顺应时代潮流的新兴主题。[5]下文将盘点一些展会类型及其主题思想。如果要对各类会展新闻做梳理的话,还需要整理出这些要素:例如Target Exhibitors,Exhibition Contents, Sponsor,Co-sponsors,Organizer,Implementer等,但由于篇幅原因无法赘述。

Name of ExpoHighlightTheme and tips 1Haixi Automobile Expo (Xiamen)海西汽博会low-carbon theme of" creativity, innovation and wealth" the western China (Chongqing)cultural wealth forum,education forum,intangible heritage forum and wealth and wisdom women forum Meet the top wine experts,learn about the markets and witness new consumer trends 22014Chongqing Culture Industry Expo重庆文博会a tea enterprises pavilion, a tea package design pavilion,a tea set pavilion,a Taiwan pavilion and an international pavilion. taste and select wines you are looking for 4 tea culture corridor China(Xiamen) International Tea Industry Fair中国国际茶博会5 cross-Strait(Xiamen) culture industry fair (CCCIF) Cross-Strait cultural fair海峡两岸文化博览会Apart from conventional cars,the expo is also exhibiting housecars, planes and yachts to cater for high net worth individuals outstanding art pieces and handicrafts,creative designs,digital works, and cultural tourism highlights cross-Straits cooperation The 14th China(Xiamen) Intl Stone Fair&3rd China (Xiamen)Intl Stone Machinery Fair中国国际石材和机械博览会all kinds of stone materials and products including granite and marble;stone mining machinery,stone processing machines and auxiliary materials, chemical protective materials,and monitoring devices 3Xiamen Fine Wine Show 2014厦门红酒展7CIFIT:China International Fair for Investment and Trade厦门九八贸洽会6 Time span 2014 1211 -13 2014 1015 -19 2014 0306 -9, 2014 0627 8Canton Fair广交会a barometer of China's trade trends2014 1107 promote the development of China's food industry as well as expand international cooperation. include goods from the 9Shanghai China International Food Expo上海食品博览会whole food chain2014 1114 grains and oils,vegetables and fruits,drinks,poultry and forest products. 1 0 2014 1106 China Green Food Exposition中国绿色食品博览会the theme" Green ecology, green production, green consumers", organic produce 1 1柳州奇石展stone trading markets2014 1112 12Rare Stone Festival (Liuzhou) International Kite Festival(Xiamen)国际风筝节included a beach carnival,circus performances and a kite photographer competition 2014 0918 -21 2014 1024 -27 2014 1108 -09

1 3 the 16th Ani-Com and Games exhibition (HongKong)香港动漫展the future development of the mining sector, industrial policy and the financial capital markets. Domestic and overseas investment opportunities, new technologies,new equipment,sustainable development of the mining sector,safety and environmental protection were also discussed. 2014 1021 1 4 The 2014 China Mining Congress and Expo (Tianjin)天津矿产博览会The event, themed" new energy, new town and new life " 1 5 solar photovoltaic products,solar-thermal products,energy-saving architectures,new energy vehicles,energy storage equipment and intelligent power grids. the sixth Chinese Renewable Energy Conference and Exhibition (wuxi)中国可再生能源博览会2014 1106 -08 The 16th China International Industry Fair (CIIF)(Shanghai)中国国际工业博览会2014 1104 -08 1 6 showcase their latest products and intelligent equipment as well as the new eco-friendly industry trends. a feast of seafood2014 1023 -26 1 7 The 2014 Fuzhou International Fisheries Expo 2014(FIFE)国际渔业博览会boost the rapid development of the medical device industry 1 8 2014 1023 -26 the 72nd China International Medical Equipment Fair(autumn session)and 19th China International Component Manufacturing&Design Show(autumn session) (Chongqing)第七十二届中国国际医疗器械博览会(秋季)和第十九届中国国际零部件制造和设计展(秋季)artworks,creative designs, digital works and cultural tourism 192014 1027 2 0A Taiwan film exhibition台湾电影展cutting-edge art direction and technologies2014 1027 7th Cross-Straits(Xiamen) Culture Industry expo海峡两岸文博会2 1 2014 0930 -1003 2 2 2014 China-Eurasia General Aviation Expo( Karamay) 2014中国-亚欧通用航空技术博览会serves to showcase of the achievements and upcoming trends in China's ocean economy and a platform to build cooperation between China and the rest of the world in ocean industries five-day festival of games,comics,animation and cosplay airplanes including unmanned aircraft, helicopters and mysterious craft turning the country into a marine power and works towards the strategy of the 21st century maritime Silk Road China Ocean Economy Expo(Zhanjiang)中国海洋经济博览会2014 1203 2014 0726 23China Water Expo(Beijing)中国水资源博览会water resources,water ecology and environmental equipment, water purification and flood control 2014 1201

2 4 China Food Style Expo (Suzhou)中国风味美食博览会、(苏州)2014 1219 -22 themed on" Food in China& Delicacies in the World"

除了传统知名的广交会canton fair、厦门国际贸易投资洽谈会CIFIT等,近年展会还出现了很多新兴主题,例如:台交会、石材博览会、机械博览会、各类车展、各类茶博会、文化博览会、高科技电子产品展、动漫展、佛教用品展、各种美食和食材展、书博会、服装展、鞋展、风筝展、绿色和可再生能源展、时尚展、奇石展、花博会等。[6]以会展英语新闻为媒介,中国向世界展示出软实力,呈现一个科技、经济、文化全面兴盛,百家争鸣的中国。

6.传统展会新闻较为通用的行文框架一般涉及下述几个大类

展会的举办日期、参展者、主办地简介和配套设施介绍及展会宗旨目的、展品分类、布展情况、展地介绍、交易额数据的比较分析和预测、展会的规模和各方评价以及官网的情况等。[7]下面就上述九大类信息归纳出一个带有模拟例句的行文框架,并整理出相关示范例句的中英文翻译。

6.1 展会类新闻的框架结构示例

(1)展会举办的日期:第十五届中国国际投资贸易洽谈会于九月七日在厦举行;第十一届厦门国际石材展于三月六日在厦门国际会展中心开幕;2010年中国国际茶博会于上周在厦开幕。

(2)展会的参展者:俄罗斯、印度和孟加拉国将首次筹备参展CIFIT;中国国际茶博会总计有221家公司参展,包括78家来自英国、印度和斯里兰卡的公司。

(3)主办地(配套设施)简介:厦门国际会展中心第一、二期总占地230000平方米,第三期工程正在建设中,16年将投入运营。占地约340000平方米,届时将成为中国最大的会展中心之一。宗旨目的:展示全中国投资吸引力成就,也将提供咨询信息给潜在投资者。

(4)展会的展出品:中国国际投资贸易洽谈会将展出全中国投资吸引力的成就;厦门国际石材展展出石头建材;茶博会主要展品包括茶叶、茶具、包装材料。

(5)布展情况:参展者争分夺秒筹备展会,会展中心变成活动聚集地。

(6)展地、展区数以及总占地面积:中国国际投资贸易洽谈会包含12个展区总面积为65000平方米;厦门国际石材展有5500个特色展位;茶博会在超过16000平方米的展区有700个特色陈列亭。

(7)交易额数据分类介绍:去年厦门记录在案的进出口总额超过了30亿美元,其中三分之一来自石材交易。

(8)展会的规模和评价:吴邦国将参加开幕式。中国国际投资贸易洽谈会预计将吸引62个国家或地区的参观者包括首次参展的俄罗斯、印度、孟加拉国;厦门国际石材展预计将吸引来自世界各地的120000参观者。

(9)官网咨询:欲知详细信息请登入CIFIT官方网站www.chinafair. org.cn

6.2 对应的会展新闻英语框架翻译

(1)The Date:The opening ceremony of the 15th China International Fair for Investment&Trade(CIFIT)isset to open in Xiamen on September 7;On March6,the 11th Xiamen International Stone Fair kicked off at the Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center.

(2)Exhibitors:For the first time ever,Russia,India and Bengal will stage exhibitions at the fair.

A total of 221 companies attended the fair,including 78 from Great Britain,India and Sri Lanka.

(3)Brief introduction of the organizers,Host location and Aim:Brief introduction:The Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center is the main venue for the CIFIT.Its first and second phases have a collective gross floor area of 230000 square meters.The third phase of the facility,which is currently under construction,is expected to become operational before next year’s CIFIT.By then,the center will become one of the largest of its kind in China,boasting a gross floor area of 340000 square meters。Aim:Showcase the achievements of investment attraction all over China,it wil l also offer consulting information to potential investors.

(4)Showpiece:Showcase the achievements of investment attraction all over China.The Xiamen International Stone Fair will showcase stone construction materials.The major exhibits of Tea Fair including tea leaves ,tea sets and packaging material.

(5)Staging exhibits:The Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center turned into a hive of activity on the afternoon of Sept 5,as exhibitors were racing against the clock to stage their exhibits.

(6)The number of exhibition areas and a total of area covered:The imminent CIFIT will comprise 12 exhibition areas with a gross floor area of 65000square meters.The Xiamen International Stone Fair have featuring 5500 booths.The tea fair featured 700 booths in an exhibition of more than 16000 square meters.

(7)The sort introductionof transaction data:Xiamen recorded imports and exports in excess of3 billion US dollars last year,of which one third was attributed to the stone business.

(8)The scaleofexhibitionand Evaluation:WuBangguo will participate in the opening ceremony.The fair(CIFIT)is expected to attract visitor form 62 countries and regions,and for the first time over,Russia,India and Bengal will stage exhibitions at the fair.The fair(tea fair)is expected to attract 120000 visitors form all over the world.

(9)official website:For details,please visit the official website of CIFIT at www.chinafair.org.cn.

6.3 部分一些常用的会展新闻表达法摘要

(1)four session of Tea Fair连续4届茶博会。

(2)accommodating容纳。

(3)standard booth标准展台。

(4)a tea set pavilion展示茶具的展馆。

(5)leading edged exhibition领先的博览会。

(6)sponsor赞助商。

(7)preside over the ceremony主持典礼。

(8)Canton fair广交会。

(9)barometer晴雨表。

(10)BRICS(Brazil,Russia,India,China,SouthAfrica)countries金砖五国。

(11)ASIAN东南亚联盟。

(12)US counterparts美国同行。

(13)bronze medal铜牌获得者。

(14)HKSAR香港特别行政区。

(15)XICEC(Xiamen’s international conferenceand exhibition center)厦门国际会展中心

(16)exhibition venue展览地点。

(17)themed zones主题区。

(18)Vendor供应商。

(19)CIFIT中国贸易与投资洽谈会。

(20)carnival嘉年华。

(21)showcase their products展示他们的产品。

(22)customized services定制服务。

(23)kick off=open开幕。

(24)upcoming trends即将来临的趋势。

(25)be renowned for以……而闻名。

上述会展类英语新闻框架特点和相关表达法的总结有助于高效地对会展类新闻进行听说读写译,有助于国内外新闻受众提高对会展新闻预期的准确度。商务英语新闻涵盖了物流、出版、能源、金融等主题分类,把尽可能多的分类框架集结起来,将呈现出一个比较完整的商务英语新闻主题框架链条。这种体系梳理对于商务英语新闻的学习者和相关从业人员有着较多实用性参考价值和较深远意义。

[1]马伟林.框架理论与意义识解[J].外语与外语教学,2007,10:18-21.

[2]http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/2014-09/12/content_18591545.htm.

[3]www.Chinadaily.com.cn.

[4]邹琳.新浪财经与《环球时报》财经新闻的写作对比研究[D].长春理工大学, 2014.

[5]卢思源.会展英语.上海科学技术文献出版社[M],2005.

[6]邱湘琪.广交会客商时空演变与发展研究[D].广州大学,2011.

[7]蓝天.合肥市会展产业发展路径研究[D].复旦大学,2013.

A certain type of Business English news has its unique news structure.Summarizing a particular type of news structure and phrases will be helpful to further understanding the special news style and background.This paper analyzes the structure of convention and exhibition news, which covers four aspects:style of news title,language tone,writing structure,main exhibition types.

Commerce Exhibition;English News;Structure Analysis

H315.9

A

2095-7327(2015)-08-0142-04

张静(1979—),女,硕士学位,厦门海洋职业技术学院工商系讲师,研究方向为商务英语。

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