小新笔记

侯茂荣

1.aWard，reWard，p r|Ze

aWard

指正式或官方颁发，授于，给予，常用award sb.sth

reWard 指对别人的工作、服务或帮助等回报或酬谢，其后只接人或人的行为做宾语，

语，常用reward sb.with sth.。

prize

多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖励。

练一练

After being__________the first___________. he expressed that he would continue to

the people and the society with his hard work.

2. strength， energy， force， power

strength

指人或物内在固有的力。用于人时，指“力气”或“长处”；用于物时，指“强度”。

energy

指人的精力或自然界中的能源。

force

指促使物体运动的外力，也可指势力、武力、暴力、军队等。

power

指人的能力、权力、影响力、机器发出的电力等。

练一练

1. David devoted all his________to his work. One night he came home very late from his office. Unfortunately he couldn't find his key anywhere. So he gathered all his________to open the door by____. The next day he had to pay to have his door repaired.

2. The Chinese Communist Party is the party in________.

3. announce， declare

announce

指正式地“公开宣布，发表”，侧重“预告”人们所关心的或感兴趣的事情，尤

指新闻之类的消息。

declare

指正式和明确地向公众“宣告，宣布，声明”，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、

议和、宣判等。后面可接复合宾语，即declare sb./sth.。

练-练

Our country has______against any war between countries， but we never scare to war，which has been________officially for many times.

4.disturb， interrupt

disturb 指人的心情、睡眠、安静被干扰、妨碍，还可表示“使……不安”

interrupt 多指由于某种外界因素，而中断、打断别人的讲话或活动。

练一练

I don't mind being____by the students in class but l do hate being____by the noise made by the machines from the construction site near my school.

词汇点滴

1.与case相关的短语及用法

in case

假使，如果；万一

in no case

决不

in any case

无论如何，不管怎

in that case

既然那样；如果那样的话

its not the case

情况并非如此

as is often the case

情况通常如此

拓展：（1） in case也可以单独使用，常位于句末，相当于一个副词。

（2） in no case位于句酋时，句子要用部分倒装。

例如：Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你某天把自己锁在外面了。

In London，people always take with umbrella in case of the changeable weather.在伦敦，人们总是要随身带着雨伞，以防这多变的天气。

In no case can you lose the chance to go abroad for further study.无论如何你不能失去这次出国深造的机会。

In any case， take your time to try various work available and you will soon be able todetermine which fits you.不管怎样，慢慢地去尝试各种不同的工作，不久你就能决定哪项工作适合你了。

2.与fortune相关的短语及用法

1.make a/one's fortune

发财

try one's fortune

碰运气

tell one's fortune

算命

2.fortunate adj，

幸运的

be fortunate to do sth.

有幸做某事

例如：Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.欧洲人将小猪存钱罐视为好运和财富的象征。

Hotels in cities such as London， Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune， especially at weekends and during big events.在一些城市店，比如伦敦、爱丁堡、卡迪夫，住酒店要花一大笔钱，尤其是在周末和重大节日时期。

She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines on your hand.她能通过你的掌纹给你算命。

The young man decided to leave home to try his fortune in the city.年轻人决定离家去城里碰碰运气。

3.与come相关的短语及用法

come to

来到，达到，说到；总计

come up with

提出

come out

出现，出版，结果是

come along with 与……相处得好；随同……一起

come across

偶然遇见；发现；被理解

例如：She explained for a long time， but her meaning didn't really come across.她解释了很长时间，但她的意思并没有被理解。

In the mid-1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of roads. 18世纪中期，一个法国人提出了道路设计新方案。

When we were wondering what to do， the manager came out.当我们正在想该做什么时，经理出现了。

We are going to the park， and do you want to come along with us？我们打算去公园，你想和我们一块去吗？

4.与control相关的短语及用法

in control

掌管，控制

beyond control

无法控制

under the control of

（某物）在……控制之下

out of control

失去控制

lose control of

失去对……的控制

keep control over/of

控制住……

get/take control of

控制……；取得对……的控制

brine/eet/keeD sth. under control

把……控制住

注意：in control of与in the control of在意思上是有区别的，前者的主语一般是人，意为“某人控制某物”；后者的主语一般是物，意为“某物由某人控制”。

例如：You are in control of your brain，not the other way around。你应该控制你的大脑，而不是让它控制你。

But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.但是他们无法抵抗它（大风），小船失去了控制。

Most damagingly， anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behavior.最严重的是，愤怒削弱一个人清晰地思考和控制自我行为的能力。

The driver lost control of the car on slippery road and crashed into a truck.道路湿滑，司机无法控制汽车而撞上了一辆卡车。

语法点滴

1."be about to do…when…”句型，意为“正要做……这时……”，when相当于and at this/that time

be on the point of doing…when…

正要做……当……

be doing…when…

正在做……当……

had just done…when…

刚做完……当……

hardly had sb./sth. done…when…

某人/某物刚一……就……

例如：l had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷，下课铃就响了。

Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.足球比赛刚开始就下雨了。

含when的常用句型还有：be about to do_ when； on the point of doing_ when...表示“正要做…一，这时…一”

例如：1 was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.我正要放弃，这时爸爸过来鼓励我继续下去。

She was on the point of leaving her house when one of her friends came。她正要离开家，这时她的一个朋友来了。

2.强调句型常用结构：

基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.

一般疑问结构：ls/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他？

特殊疑问结构：疑问词+ is/was+it+that/who+其他？

not…until结构：It is/was not until…that…

例如：It was in a restaurant that she wrote the book.她正是在一家餐厅里写了这本书。

Was it three years ago that he went to America for a further study？他是三年前去美国深造的吗？

-How was it that you got to know she traveled to the USA？你是怎么知道她去美国旅行的？

-Oh，through one of her colleagues.哦，听她的一位同事说的。

It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。

注意：判断是否是强调句的方法：把It is/was…that去掉，看句子的结构及语意是否完整，若完整，则为强调句，若不完整，则不是。

It wasIt was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine.（强调句）

It was the school gate where l met an old friend of mine.（定语从句）

3.完全倒装的几种情况：

（1）分词/形容词/副词，介词短语+地点状语+be+主语

当表语是分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。

例如：Buried in the earth was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.埋在泥土中的是一个装有许多古币的坛子。

Present at the meeting were scientists from all over the world.出席会议的是来自全世界的科学家。

（2）表示地点/时间/方向，方位等的副词+谓语+主语

当把there，here， out， in，on，up，down，away，back，now，then等副词放在句首加以强调时，其后常用谓语动词go，come，run，lie， stand等，然后再接主语（名词）构成完全倒装。

例如：Then came the time we had been looking forward to.我们一直盼望的时刻终于到来了。

At the foot of the hill lies a small village.山脚下有一个小村庄。

（3） there+存在类动词+主语

there be句型中的be用表示“存在”的动词live，exist， lie，stand，seem，rise，remain， happen，come，go等替代时，构成完全倒装。

例如：There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。

注意：在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。

错题整理

1.FrOm the____eXpreSSiOn On the manager'S faCe，I kneW he WaS____abOUtthe plan l WOrked OUt，SO l had tO make SOme ChangeS.

A.pUZZling：pUZZlh19 B.pUZZl_ng；pUZZled C.pUZZled；pUZZling D.pUZZIed；pUZZIed

解析：D。句意：从经理脸上困惑的表情，我明白他对我制定的计划感到很困惑，所以我不得不做一些修改。经理自己感到“困惑”的表情，我知道他感到“困惑”，两个空都应填puzzled，故选D。

2.The paSt tWO years____a Sharp riSe in Oi|priCe，WhiCh addS tO the bUrden Of aUtO tranSpOrtatiOn indUStry.

A.WitneSSed

B.haS WitneSSed C.iS WitneSSing

D.WitneSSeS

解析：B。句意：过去的两年见证了油价的急剧上涨，这增加了汽车运输业的负担。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，应用现在完成时。

3.It SUddenly OCCUrred tO him____he haS Ieft hiS keyS in the OffiCe.

A.where

B.when

C.whiCh

D.that

解析：D。句意：他突然想起来他把钥匙忘在办公室了。it occurs to sb.that…为固定句型，意为“某人突然想起……”。

4.The Village l ViSited laSt Week iS made Up Of 30 familieS____fiVe natiOna|jtieS.

A.tO haVe belOnged tO

B.tO belOng tO C.belOnged tO

D.belOnging tO

解析：D。句意：我上周参观过的那个村庄，由属于五个民族的三十个家庭组成。句中families与belong to之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。

5.The penCi|boX On the deSk aS We¨aS the boOkmarkS____to my little SiSter.

A.iS b e|Onged

B.belOngS

C.are belOnged

D.belOng

解析：B。句意：桌上的这个铅笔盒，还有这些书签都是我小妹的。belong是不及物动词，没有被动语态。另外，当主语中含as weⅡas时，主句的谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和单复数上保持一致。故选B。

6.____that the country IeaderS Can Iead them oUt of the finanCial prOblemS，people are becoming mOre OptimiStiC abOUt the futUre Of the COUntry.

A.COnvinCing

B.COnvinCed

C.Tb COnvinCe

D.Having COnvinCed

解析：B。句意：人们相信国家领导人能带领他们摆脱经济困境，所以对国家的未来更加乐观了。动词convince与逻辑主语people之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词convinced做状语，表示“相信”这种状态。

7. Aliens' visiting Earth is controversial but what happened in some places is hard____， leaving people____about these strange phenomena.

A. to explain； puzzled

B.to be explained； puzzling

C. explained； puzzled

D.being explained； puzzling

解析：A。句意：外星人访问地球是一个有争议性的问题，但是一些地方发生的事情却难以解释，对这些奇怪的现象人们感到困惑。第一空考查动词不定式做状语，某些做表语的形容词（easy，hard，difficult，good，heavy，comfortable等）后面接动词不定式做状语，用主动形式表示被动含义；第二空考查过去分词做宾语补足语，指人的心理感受或状态。

8. With our knowledge____practice， we can make contributions to our society.

A. to base on

B.basing on

C.based on

D.base on

解析：C。句意：把我们的知识建立在实践的基础之上，我们就能为社会做出贡献。base_on.…“把……建立在……基础上”。base与knowledge之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。

9.- Do you have any plan for the coming holiday？

-l thought l might stay with my parents， but something unexpected____.

A. has occurred

B.had occurred

C.was occurring

D.would occur

解析：A。句意：“对于即将到来的假期，你有什么安排吗？”“我原以为会和父母待在一起，但是一些没有预料到的事情发生了。”根据语境可知，“一些没有预料到的事情”已经发生，且对现在造成了影响，故用现在完成时，即A项正确。

10. Gottlieb Daimler，a German engineer， is normally believed____the car.

A. invented

B.to invent

C.to have invented

D.to be inventing

解析：c。句意：戈特利布·戴姆勒，一位德国工程师，通常被认为发明了汽车。sb. be believed to have done sth。“某人被认为做了某事”，其中动词不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

11. It is reported that no African country apart from South Africa and Egypt____putting more than 4 percent of the national GDP into education in the last ten years.

A. has been

B.were

C.was

D.have been

解析：A。句意：据报道除了南非和埃及，没有非洲国家在过去的十年里把超过4%的国民生产总值投到教育上。根据句中的时间状语“in the last ten years"可知，此处应用现在完成时，所填谓语的主语是“no African country”，当主语后面跟由介词apart from，like，as well as，besides，with等连接的词时，谓语的单、复数视主语的情况而定，所以此处用单数。

12. The tall waterfalls and green mountains are a splendid sight when____from the valley bottom.

A. viewing

B.viewing them C.viewed

D.view

解析：C。句意：从山谷的底部看，矗立的瀑布和绿色的山峦景色非常壮观。句子的主语与vlew之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，故用过去分词。when后省略了they are。

13. They made up their mind that they________a new house once Larry changed jobs.

A. bought B.would buy

C.have bought D.had bought

解析：B。句意：他们下定决心，一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买套新房子。根据主句中的关键词made可知该题的语境是发生在过去的；同时once引导的条件状语从句中的changed这一动作还未发生，用的是一般过去时表示过去将来时的用法，所以主句应该用过去将来时，即would buy。

14.____on the endless green grass are sheep， cattle and horses.

A. Being wandered

B.Being wandering C.Wandering

D.To wander

解析：C。句意：在无际的绿色草原上徜徉的是羊、牛和马。根据句子结构可知该句是倒装结构。正常语序为：sheep，cattle and horses are wandering on the endless green grass。

15. When the teacher entered his office， he was surprised to find everything_____in good order.

A. arranging

B.being arranged

C.arranged

D.having been arranged

解析：c。句意：老师进入办公室之后，他惊讶地发现一切都被整理得井井有条。本题考查“find+宾语十宾语补足语”结构。句中everything与arrange之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词做宾语补足语。

16.______it is______you obtain， you should share your feelings____your parents.

A. What；不填：to

B.Whichever； that； with

C. Whatever； that； with

D.Which：不填：to

解析：C。句意：无论你得到的是什么，你都应该与你的父母分享你的感情。根据句意可知，第一空应是泛指“得到的东西”；第二空是强调句式的连接词that；第三空是与share搭配的介词，share sth. with sb.“与某人分享某物”。