高考英语一轮复习中教材与试题的有效对接

2017-04-22 19:11罗俊霓
广东教育·综合 2017年4期

罗俊霓

在高考英语的第一轮复习中,不少一线教师往往只重视常规的词、句复习。这样一来,一方面未能真正充分利用教材,未免可惜;另一方面,这种复习方式往往让学生产生错觉,以为复习英语就是单调地复习词、句。笔者以为,有效的一轮复习模式,应该是教材与试题的有效对接——教師应更深入挖掘教材,研究全国卷的试题类型、特点,有机结合教材和高考试题,激发学生对教材的兴趣,同时使学生具备更强的应考能力。下面以Book 3 Unit 1为例。

一、引导学生关注教材的文章特点,备战“阅读理解”

高中课本中的不少文章除了语言之外,其细节、结构、语言特点等也很值得我们深入探究。教师在一轮复习的备课过程中,可以深入探究不同文章的特点,与高考接轨,设置相应的细节理解题、情感态度题或主旨大意题等。以Book 3 Unit 1的Reading为例,在复习的过程中,可以先引导学生关注文章的结构。例如,教师可以设置问题:What is the structure of the passage?

学生会很自然地扫读文章的内容,显然,这是一篇“总—分—总”的文章。再让学生看文章的标题:Festivals and Celebrations. 这个标题是如何和文章结构挂钩的?学生很快就从第一段和最后一段中找到了关键的词句:Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals...Sometimes celebrations... Todays festivals...People love to...Festivals let us...

在这一过程中,学生能更深刻地理解文章结构对文章的best title所起到的作用。有了这一引入,学生就能顺利地完成2016年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇的第35题:

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or ... empty ... may also show stubbornness...

Many Native Americans value silence and feel...

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, ...

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware the possible meanings of silence...

35. What may be the best title for the text?

A. Sound and Silence

B. What It Means to Be Silent

C. Silence to Native Americans

D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

学生通过分析文章结构,能很快地得出结论:这是一篇“总—分”的文章;进而学生能快速地从文章的第一段找到关键词:The meaning of silence,并迅速得到正解B。

二、引导学生挖掘单元的写作话题,积累相关表达

Book 3 Unit 1的单元话题是节日和庆典,所以这个单元出现了不少关于时间的表达。在一轮教学中,不少教师对学生乱用时间介词感到很头痛。其实,教师可以利用本单元的两篇文章,采用挖空的方式,让学生注意时间介词in/on/at的使用,备考高考中的语篇填空、短文改错。

① Most festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting ___ spring and harvest ___ autumn.

② In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead ____ early November.

③ ____ this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.

④ She said she would be there ___ seven oclock

⑤ ___ the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.

(答案:in, in, in, On, at, At)

写作中,活动、庆典的话题也不少见。教师可以让学生找出文章中“节日在哪天进行”的句子,并将其进行归纳,为写作中的“表达多样化”进行准备。

① Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors.

② In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.

③ Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter.

④ Japans Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.

此外,还可以结合高考真题:

⑤ The Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar.(2013年辽宁高考试题)

三、引导学生探究文章的写作佳句,稳拿作文高分

除词汇外,大部分的教师都会把复习重点放在课文的长、难句的分析上。其实,笔者认为,教师们还可以联系高考阅读材料中出现过的类似句型,进行分析、探究,甚至可以将其与高考可能出现的各种写作题材相联系,使这一教学过程成为更有效的备考过程。下面仍以Book 3 Unit 1为例。

原句:At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. (P1B3)

2016年全国各地高考卷有类似句子:

(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when youre raising children.

(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

(2016·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.

教师可引导学生分析、对比句子,并提取句子结构:especially + 状语(从句)。并引导学生对其功能进行总结:该句型可对主句中部分内容起强调作用。继而引导学生运用该句型:

①(感谢信)我很感谢你,在我遇到麻烦时你总是乐于帮助我,尤其是在我学习英语中遇到困难时。

②(节日介绍) 孩子们春节时都很高兴,尤其是当他们收到红包的时候。

(答案:①Im grateful to you. Youre always ready to help when Im in trouble, especially when I come across some difficulties in my English study.②Children are all happy at the Spring Festival, especially when they receive lucky money in red paper.)

同样的,让学生分析、总结以下句型,并进行运用:

原句:Todays festivals have manyorigins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. (P1B3)

句子结构:独立主格结构 “代词+形容词”表“一些(人或物)如何”。

原句:India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain. (P2B3)

句子結构:名词、同位语+定语从句。

原句:The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.(P2B3)

句子结构:①分词作定语;②as if/ as though引导表/状语从句。

原句:It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.(P7 B3)

句子结构:it作形式主语。

巩固练习(由2014年的四川高考作文题目改编):

中国的高考一般在每年的6月7、8日举行,主要的科目如语文、数学、英语和理科综合或文科综合(General Science or Art)都要考查。从高三以来,尤其是最后两个月间,我就一直忙于备考。虽然准备得挺充分的,当我走进考场时,我还是觉得很紧张。大厅里面到处都是来自不同学校的考生,有些还在看书,有些在说话,甚至还有些在唱歌,看上去像个市场一样。幸运的是,考试开始时,我发现语文,那个我准备得很充分的科目,并不如我想象中的难。在那之后,我自信了些,其他科目也发挥得不错。所以,我很有可能七月份会被重点大学录取。

值得一提的是,每个单元的话题都不一样,单元中的文章特点也不一样,教师们在一轮复习中的教学方法应该是多种多样的。只要我们多挖掘、思考,总能与全国卷接轨,帮助学生更有效地利用课本,备战高考。

责任编辑 魏文琦