掌握too...to...句式的五个要点

2018-06-12 06:13蒋红秀
第二课堂(初中版) 2018年3期
关键词:及物动词宾语副词

蒋红秀

too...to...是初中英语中一个非常有用的句式,同时它也是中考英语的重要考点,掌握该句式重点需注意以下几个方面。

要点一:名式搭配特点

too...to...句式的基本结构为“too+形容词或副词+to+动词原形”,意思是“太……以至于不能……”。如:

This coffee is too hot to drink. 这咖啡太烫,不能喝。

I was too tired to get out of bed. 我累得起不了床。

We were too frightened to speak. 我们吓得不敢说话。

如果其中的形容词是many, much, few, little,则还可以后接名词。如:

There was too much snow to go walking. 雪太大, 无法步行。

There were too many books to read in a week. 书太多,无法在一周内看完。

I have too little time to do everything. 我的时间太少,没法把所有的事都做了。

要点二:不定式的逻辑生活

在通常情况下,too...to...句式中的不定式的逻辑主语就是句子主语。如:

Hes too young to get married. 他还太小,不能结婚。

句中不定式to get married的逻辑主语就是句子主语he。

若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子主语,且需具体表明该逻辑主语,则在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。如:

Its too expensive for me to buy. 这东西贵了,我买不起。

The box is too big for him to carry. 箱子太大,他拿不动。

He spoke too quickly for me to understand. 他说得太快了,我听不懂。

要点三:不定式的宾语和逻辑宾语

在too...to...句式中,如果不定式是不及物动词,则不能带宾语;如果是及物动词,则应带有自己的宾语,这个宾语有时是真实的宾语,有时只是一个逻辑宾语。如:

Hes too ill to travel. 他病得很重,不宜旅行(travel不及物,其后不能接宾语)。

Shes too little to ride a bicycle. 她年纪太小,骑不了自行车(ride及物,带有自己的宾语a bicycle)。

The plate was too hot to touch. 盘子烫得没法碰(touch及物,其后没有宾语,但句子主语为其逻辑宾语)。

注意,当句子主语为不定式的逻辑宾语时,句子主语则与不定式之间具有被动关系,但此时的不定式却通常用主动形式表示被动意义。又如:

The text is too difficult to understand. 这课文太难了,理解不了。

The text is too difficult for the students to understand. 这课文太难了,学生理解不了。

要点四:与so [such]……that句式转换

1. The box is too heavy for me to carry.

→The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.

→It is such a heavy box that I cant carry it.

2. The child is too young to dress himself.

→The child is so young that he cant dress himself.

→He is such a young child that he cant dress himself.

注:有时还可与 not...enough to...转换,但此时要注意把原句型中的形容词改为相对应的反义词。如:

The child is too young to dress himself.

→The child is not old enough to dress himself.

要点五:too……to ……表示肯定意义的用法

在以下几种情况,too...to...句式可以表示肯定意义,而不是否定意义:

1. 当不定式前有否定词修饰时。比较:

He is too foolish to understand this. 他太蠢,不会明白这一点。

He is too clever not to understand this. 他太聪明,不会不明白这一点。

2. 当副词too的前面有否定词修饰时。如:

Youre not too busy to come! 你不是忙得来不了!

Im not too old to learn a new language. 我还不算老,还可以学习一门新的语言。

3. 当副词too修饰形容词glad, happy, pleased,ready等时。如:

Im only too happy to come. 我很高兴能来。

He was only too ready to leave. 他迫切想要離开。

She was only too pleased to help. 她很乐意帮忙。

注:这类句子中的too通常含有very之意,且too前通常有副词only修饰。

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