如何寻找规律,做好语法填空

2018-12-20 08:44王俊梅
赢未来 2018年18期
关键词:冠词介词谓语

王俊梅

语法填空,我们都知道是对语法知识的综合考察,掌握正确的语法知识是必须的,而且要放在语言环境中反复练习,我们的考察有对话和语篇填空两种。所以对语言环境的理解更是必不可少的,在此笔者不多赘述。我主要想说的是如何发现以及掌握一定的规律使得语法填空臻于完美。我们都知道,空缺分纯空和从括号中往出移两种。下面就这两个问题我们探讨一下有什么规律可循。

一、纯空

好多参考书上以及老师们就这个问题,会笼统地说,纯空上可以填“冠词,介词,连词,代词。”其实还可以更明确些。

1介词和冠词的问题,看下面例。

1) Soon_________ whole city was flooded.

2) While taking part in _____ important race in 1987, he began to notice the huge amount of rubbish in the worlds oceans.

3) ______ the past, we didnt have enough food.

4) _______ the help of him, I overcame the difficult.

5) Drive time becomes safe_________ outside distractions.

分析:前两句中the whole city是主语,an important race是宾语,一般主语,宾语,表语中的纯空考察冠词居多。后三句中in the past/with the help of him/without outside distraction ,这些短语都是做状语的,而且已经具备冠词。所以缺介词,冠词方面其实考察a/an的情况也好总结。一个是h开头的,一个是u开头的单词。第三就是数次an eighteen-year-old boy 还有几个特殊的, a success. A failure ,a full moon , a big surprise , a smile, 以及catch the thief by the arm/ be paid by the hour,the same,否定意义的介词只有without

2有关连词和代词的问题,看下面例子

1)Is this natural,________ are we to blame?

分析;前后两句都是完整的句子,只要弄清楚两句之间的关系就可以了,这种情况需要的是连接词。(so, therefore, thus/ but , however ,or , otherwise)

2)The high temperatures also make more water enter the air ,______ in turn results in

3)_______ he said surprised me most.

分析;这句后半句是不太完整的从句,缺失句子成分,所以需要从句引导词

当然,涉及到从句时要分清是何种从句,这个很重要。好多孩子主要是分不清那种从句。

3 The holiday is coming, I still dont know where to go.

在疑问句和否定句中,纯空和不定式之间往往需要wh-词 (特殊疑问词加不定式在句中充当主语,宾语,和表语)

二、往出移动的词

(一)动词

1 实意动词

1)We________(witness) many extreme weather events over the years.

2)I___________________(look) down upon since I was a pupil.

3)The rising water rushed into the cars on the roads,_______(cause) 16 deaths.

4)___________(inspire) by the success of his project , he started an even bigger progress.

分析:往出移动动词时要分析,缺谓语,就要考虑时态,语态,语气需要往出移动的动词都不是充当谓语的,就要考虑v-ing/, done,/ to do

也要考虑having done, having been done to be doing , to have done, to have been done)

2 感官动词(一般是考察宾语补足语)

宾语补足语----- 主动(-ing或省去to的不定式)和被动(done)

1) I often hear him_________( sing) in the next room.

2)The boss makes him __________(work) for 12 hours a day.

3 情態动词—通常考察 情态动词+have done 和情态动词+ be done

例如

1)He must ___________(pass) the exam, for he was so pleased.

2)This problem can __________(solve) in this way.

4系动词

1) Most scientists agree human activity is also __________ (responsibility)

2) I am afraid that she is________ ___ ( endangered) her health.

分析系动词(包括get/become后 要不就用形容词,要不就是v-ing表进行 或done表被动

5 说一下动词被动 看下面三个例句

1)The food ____________ (make) by expert.

2)The food ______________ by expert is delicious.

3)_________ (misunderstand) is very annoying.

分析 这三句都表被动,做谓语时用be done(根据时态做相应的变化) 做定、状、补语时用done 主语、宾语、表语时being done

(二)形容词

1)He started an even __________ (big) program. ( a bit, a little, even .much, far.)

I find the background ____________ (strange) unreal.

2)The Yangzi River is the third _________ (long) river in the world.

形容词 往出移动时要考虑变比较级,最高级,和副词

注意: ( true ,whole去e加ly . -ble/-ple/-tle结尾的去e加y)

(三) 名词 (考虑复数问题以及所有格)

For more than 40 years, he raced in international sailing ___________ (compete)(四) 代词

1 It 作形式主语和形式宾语

I find _____ easy to deal with the problem In this way.(常用于此结构的动词make/ consider/think)

分析 只要具备以下格式就可以考虑用it

① 主语+ 谓语+___________ 宾补(n/ pron. /v-ing/. done)+to do 或that 从句

②_________ +谓语+宾语+to do 或that 从句

2 反身代词

we should take failure as a chance to learn and improve ___________(we)

以上是筆者根据多年的教学经验不断总结而成,语法填空还有好多值得我们研究的地方,比如时态的常考点,相信每个教师都有研究,也有自己独特的方法传授给学生。在此不再赘述。在平时的教学中,我们要手勤点,随时总结起来,也可以让学生自己总结。力求最大限度地减少失分。

笔者在总结过程中难免有不准确的以及不完善的地方,欢迎大家交流指正。

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