冠词讲与练

2019-09-10 07:22高洁供稿
疯狂英语·初中版 2019年6期
关键词:特指定冠词冠词

高洁供稿

1.不定冠词a与an的用法

2.定冠词the的用法

3.零冠词及其习惯用语中冠词的用法

冠詞是放在名词前面的一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其他词类说明其意义。冠词有三种:a/an 是不定冠词,the是定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。

1. a用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前, an用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意:

(1)这里指的是读音,而不是指字母。例如:

a university/useful book/usual thing/European country

an hour/honest boy/honor(光荣;荣幸)

(2)另外在单独一个字母前也用an, 如:A/E/F/H/I/L/MN/O/R/S/X

There is an“m”in the word-music.

2.表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,通常在首次提到某人或某物时用a/ an, 以表示与其他事物的区别。

(1)I gave him a book yesterday.我昨天给了他一本书。

(2)I am reading an interesting story.我在读一本有趣的故事书。

(3)1 have got a ticket.

我有一张票。

3.用在事物的度量单位前,如时间、速度、价格等,表示“每一个”。

(1) We often go to school two times a day.

我们常常一天去学校两次。

(2)I went to the library once a week at least.

我一星期至少去一次图书馆。

4.用于某些特定的词组。

例如:a few, a little,have a good time,have a look,a number of, have aheadache,have a rest, go for a walk等等

5. a/an+序数词表示“又一,再一”

(1) I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

我有三本书,我还想买第四本书。

1.定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

(1)Thebaginthedeskismine.桌子里的书包是我的。

(2) Is this the book you are looking for?这是你要找的书吗?

(3) Do you know the man in black?你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗?

2.如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候,用a/an,那么以后再次提到的话,就变成特指的人或事物了;或者说话双方都知道的名词前。

(1)1 bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book costs 15 yuan.

我从新华书店买了一本书。这本书值十五元。

(2)I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight o’clock.

我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。

(3) Open the door, please.

请打开这扇门。

3.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。这些事物当然是特指的事物,不可能有两个以上。

the sun/the moon/the earth/the sky/the world/the spring of 2010

(1) The sun is bigger than the moon.

太阳比月亮大。

(2)I can see a bird in the sky.

我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。

(3)I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.

我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。

4.定冠词与形容词连用,可表示某一类人或事物。(the +形容词表示“一类人”)(1) The wounded were brought to the hospital.

受伤者被送到了医院。

(2) He always helps the poor.

他经常帮助穷人。

(3) The deaf can go to this special school.

失聪者可以进这所特殊学校上学。

the用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。

(1) The Greens are very kind tous.

格林一家 人待我们很好。

(2) The Whites like the classic music.

怀特一家喜欢古 典音乐。

5.用在形容词或副词的最高级和序数词前

(1) He is the tallest students in my class.

他的個子是班里最高的。

(2) Jim was the first student who came to school this morning.

吉姆是今天早上第一个到校的学生。

6.用在乐器前面

play the piano/violin

7.用在山脉、河流、海、洋、名胜古迹等专有名词前

the Yellow River/the Pacific Ocean/the West Lake/the Great Wall

8.习惯用语

in the morning/by the way/in the end/on the right

1.人名、地名、国名等专有名词前通常不用冠词:

(1) Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng

(2) Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris

(3) England; China; Germany; South Africa

2.表示官衔,职位、身份的名词前不加冠词:

(1) The guards took the American to General Lee.

士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

(2)In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.

1860年,林肯成为美国的总统。

(3) Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1865.

美国总统林肯在1865年被谋杀。

3.当名词前有this/that等指示代词、my/your等物主代词和some/any等词时, 不用任何冠词

(1) This is my computer.

这是我的电脑。

(2) That book is their teacher's.

那本书是他们的老师的。

4.年份、月份、星期、日期、季节、节日等名词前不用冠词:

in 198/in August/on Thursday/in spring/on August 8th

We go to school from Monday to Friday.

周一至周五我们去学校。

Children's Day falls on the 1st June.

儿童节在6月1日。

5.“一日三餐”等名词前不用冠词:

have breakfast (lunch, supper)

I have breakfast at 7 every day.

我每天7点吃早餐。

(1)前面有形容词修饰,需用不定冠词;

He had a big dinner today.他今天吃了顿丰盛的晚餐。

(2)后面有定语修饰,需用定冠词:

The breakfast he had today was good.他今天吃的早餐不错。

6.球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前不用冠词:

(1) play football (basketball/volleyball/tennis/table tennis)

(2) play chess (card)

7.当“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship,plane”等与“by”连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词:by bus, by train;

(1) He goes to work by bike.

他骑车去上班。

(2) Did you come back by plane or by train?

你坐飞机还是坐火车回来的?

8.一些固定词组中:go to bed, go to school, at night

1.在某些固定词组中。例如:athome, bybus, gotoschool等名词前不用冠词。2.一些短语中,有无冠词时的意义是不一样的。例如:

in hospital(生病住院),in the hospital (在医院)

go to university(上大学),go to the university(去大学)

3.两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。

He raises a black and a white cat.

他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

The black and the white cats are hers.

這只黑猫和白猫都是她的。

如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。

He raises a black and white cat.

他养了一只花猫。

表示成套的东西时,两个并列的名词前只需要用一个不定冠词。例如:

a shirt and tie, a knife and fork

4.有些中国传统乐器前不能加定冠词the。例如:

erhu(二胡),pipa( 琵琶),guzheng(古筝)

5.一日三餐前一般不加冠词,但是一日三餐被某个词所修饰时,一般要加不定冠词a或an。例如:

a big breakfast, a quick supper

6.由festival构成的中国传统节日前需要加定冠词the。例如:

the Spring Festival, the Dragon-boat festival

()1.LeeMin-hois, ______ actor from South Korea. He sang ______ Chinesepop song on the 2014 CCTV New Year's Gala.

A.the; an B. /; the C. an; aD. a;/

()2.——Look! Who's, ______ boy over there?

——Oh, he is my cousin, Bob. He is ______ honest boy.

A.a; theB. the; a C. the; an D. a; an

() 3. She likes playing______ piano; her brother likes playing. ______ basketball.

A.the; aB. a; the C./;the.D. the;/

()4. I have ______ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.

A.aB. anC. theD./

()5. My cousin went abroad at ______ age of eighteen.

A.aB. anC. theD./

()6. I think English is ______ useful language, and it's also ______ important

language.

A.an; a B. a; an C. an; the D. a; the

()7. Mrs. Smith has ______ 8-year-old daughter who has won two nationalpainting prizes.

A.aB. anC. theD. /

() 8.“If you stop dropping litter, I’ll kiss. pig." the head teacherpromised the students at a school meeting.

A.aB. anC. theD. /

()9.——Why did you laugh just now

——Ted wanted to tell us ______ very funny story, but he forgot ______ ending himself.

A.a;an B. the; the C. the; aD. a; the

()10.——Can you play ______ guitar?

——Sure. It's a piece of cake for me.

A.aB. anC. theD./

()11. Doing lots of listening practice is one of. best ways of ______ becoming ______ good language learner.

A.the; the  B. the; a C.不填; a D. the;不填

()12.ifwesitby ______ window of the train, we'll have ______ better view.

A./; the B./;aC. the; aD. the; the

()13.——Howwas ______ dinner at Mike's house?

——It was great. Mike's mum is ______ wonderful cook.

A.a; the B.the;a C. the; the  D. a; an

()14.I had ______ unusual day on my last school trip.

A.aB. anC.1D. the

()15.——Doyouhave ______ QQ number?

——No. Can you tell me how to get ______?

A.a;it . B. the; it C. a; one D./; one

答案

1-5 CCDBC 6-1 0BBADC 11-1 5 BCBBC

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