双亚苄基哌啶与蛋白酶体抑制剂下调ADRM1表达诱导HL60细胞凋亡

2019-10-30 02:50郑晓辉王玉孝隋华秀
中国当代医药 2019年22期
关键词:凋亡存活率

郑晓辉 王玉孝 隋华秀

[摘要]目的 探讨双亚苄基哌啶(RA190)与蛋白酶体抑制剂(MG132)对HL60细胞的作用及机制。方法 以终浓度0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.8、1.5、1.6、3.2 μmol/L RA190或MG132处理HL60细胞为实验组,不加药HL60细胞为对照组,无细胞完全培养基为空白组,各组培养24 h,CCK8法检测各组细胞存活率。以1 μmol/L RA190或MG132处理24 h HL60细胞为实验组,双染法流式细胞术分析各组细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测细胞内黏附调节分子1(ADRM1)表达水平。结果 HL60细胞传代培养1年后,MG132实验组的细胞存活率高于1年前,也高于RA190实验组;RA190与MG132实验组的凋亡率显著高于对照组;RA190實验组的早期凋亡率显著高于MG132实验组;此时,RA190与MG132实验组内ADRM1蛋白表达灰度值比低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 传代培养时间延长可提高HL60细胞对MG132的耐药性;RA190与MG132均可下调HL60细胞内ADRM1蛋白表达,诱导其凋亡;RA190的诱凋亡效果优于MG132。

[关键词]双亚苄基哌啶;HL60细胞;蛋白酶体抑制剂;黏附调节分子1;存活率;凋亡

[中图分类号] R329.2+5          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)8(a)-0004-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Bis-Benzylpiperidine (RA190) and proteasome inhibitor (MG132) on HL60 cells. Methods HL60 cells were treated with the final concentration of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1.5, 1.6 and 3.2. μmol/L RA190 or MG132 as the experimental group, and HL60 cells control group without medication and blank group with acellular complete medium were designed, each group was cultured for 24 hours. CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell survival rate. Apoptosis rate of HL60 cells treated with 1 μmol/L RA190 or MG132 for 24 hours as experimental group was detected by flow cytometry with double staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of intracellular adhesion regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1). Results One year after subculture of HL60 cells, the cell survival rate of MG132 experimental group was higher than that of one year ago, and also higher than that of RA190 experimental group; the apoptotic rate of RA190 and MG132 experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group, and the early apoptotic rate of RA190 experimental group was significantly higher than that of MG132 experimental group, at this time, the gray value ratio of ADRM1 protein expression in RA190 and MG132 experimental group was lower than that of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Prolonged subculture time can increase the drug resistance of HL60 cells to MG132; both RA190 and MG132 can down-regulate ADRM1 protein level in HL60 cells, induce cell apoptosis. RA190 is superior to MG132 in inducing apoptosis effect.

[Key words] Bis-Benzylidine Piperidon; HL60 cell; Proteasome inhibitor; Adhesion regulating molecule 1; Survival rate; Apoptosis

恶性肿瘤自主生长、逃避凋亡、侵袭及转移的特征是其内部基因突变或表达异常所致。靶向异常基因治疗是当前研究热点。ADRM1蛋白是26S蛋白酶体上的泛素受体,介导NF-κB、TGF-β1受体等底物蛋白降解,在肺癌、肝癌、急性白血病等多种癌细胞中呈过表达;其表达下调显著促进癌细胞凋亡[1-7]。因此,ADRM1可能成为肿瘤治疗靶点。

传统的蛋白酶体抑制剂(MG132)可抑制泛素蛋白酶体活性,抵消17β-雌激素对原代神经元内Cav1.2蛋白下调作用[8],抑制病毒复制[9],诱导Burkitt淋巴瘤、急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)、肝癌等癌细胞凋亡[6,10-12],协同促进全反式维甲酸诱导GTF2I-RARA融合基因阳性的HL60细胞分化[13];还可通过Smad信号通路抑制TGF-β诱导的炎症反应,抑制肾间质纤维化[14]。近几年发现的靶向ADRM1药物双亚苄基哌啶(RA190)可快速触发多泛素蛋白累积,诱导对硼替佐米耐药的多发性骨髓瘤细胞凋亡,抑制卵巢癌、肝癌等多种癌细胞增殖[3,15-20]。那么,RA190与MG132在AML中作用效果如何?本实验拟通过观察髓系白血病细胞株HL60在RA190或MG132作用下的存活率和凋亡率,比較两药对HL60细胞的作用及与ADRM1蛋白表达的相关性,为临床采用靶向ADRM1治疗AML方案奠定基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 主要材料与仪器

人急性粒细胞白血病部分分化型细胞HL60为本实验室保存;MG132(Sigma),RA190、CCK8(MCE),Western blot抗体(CST公司),RPMI 1640(Corning),胎牛血清(Gemini);酶标仪、高电流电泳仪PowerPac HC(Bio-rad公司);流式细胞仪EPICSXL (贝克曼库尔特公司);垂直电泳槽VE-180(上海天能科技有限公司);快速Western Blot仪器MA01821(Millipore)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 CCK8法  设3复孔,在96孔板中接种100 μl细胞悬液,终浓度1×105/ml,设不同浓度RA190与MG132药物实验组(终浓度:0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.8、1.5、1.6、3.2 μmol/L)、对照组(不加药)和空白组(只含完全培养基),于37℃、5% CO2培养箱培养24 h后,加入10 μl CCK-8溶液,孵育3 h;酶标仪测定450/630 nm处吸光度。实验重复3次。细胞存活率=(实验组-空白组)A450/630值/(对照组-空白组)A450/630值×100%。

1.2.2 Annexin V FLUOS Staining Kit 流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡  设2复孔,在6孔板中接种4 ml细胞悬液,终浓度1×106/ml,分别以1 μmol/L MG132和 RA190 作用 HL60细胞24 h。收集细胞,800 r/min离心5 min,弃上清,预冷的PBS洗2次,之后按Annexin V FLUOS Staining Kit试剂盒说明书操作,实验重复3次。

1.2.3 Western blot检测细胞内蛋白表达  设2复孔,细胞接种与分组加药操作同“1.2.2”。收集各组细胞,PBS洗2次,加入RIPA细胞裂解液(含1 mmol/L PMSF、1 mmol/L正钒酸钠、10 mg/L抑肽酶)提取总蛋白,取40 μg总蛋白进行Western blot实验。操作步骤详见《分子克隆实验指南》(4版)。实验重复3次。

1.3 统计学方法

数据应用GraphPad Prism 5软件处理,正态分布的计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,以P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。

2结果

2.1不同浓度RA190、MG132作用下HL60细胞存活率的比较

2.1.1传代1年前后HL60细胞在MG132作用下存活率的比较  设终浓度为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.8、1.5、1.6、3.2 μmol/L MG132实验组和不加药对照组,传代培养1年前后HL60细胞存活率见表1。MG132终浓度为0.1 μmol/L时,细胞存活率无显著变化;MG132终浓度为0.2~1.5 μmol/L时,同一MG132终浓度下,1年后HL60细胞存活率均高于1年前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MG132对1年后HL60细胞的半抑制浓度(IC50)约0.88 μmol/L高于1年前的约0.42 μmol/L。

2.1.2 HL60细胞在RA190与MG132作用下存活率的比较  设终浓度为0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 μmol/L RA190与MG132实验组和不加药对照组。在0.2~1.6 μmol/L,RA190实验组各浓度下存活率均低于MG132实验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RA190对HL60细胞的IC50约0.68 μmol/L低于MG132的约0.88 μmol/L。

3讨论

从遗传上看,癌都是由一个失去了增殖控制的细胞发展而来;人体每天都有几十亿个细胞进行分裂,任何一个细胞都有可能由遗传成分的改变而癌变。细胞的恶性转化需要发生多个遗传改变,因此肿瘤发生是一个渐进式的过程,涉及多级反应和突变的积累。癌细胞不断积累突变,赋予突变细胞新的特性,使癌细胞更具危险性,即恶性度提高,从而越来越不受体内调节机制的控制,并逐渐转移侵袭正常组织。本实验中,MG132对1年后HL60细胞的IC50高于1年前,可能是由于HL60细胞在长时间的分裂过程中积累突变,使细胞恶性度提高,提高了对MG132的耐药性,这提示抗肿瘤药治疗效果的临床前实验应选择对应阶段患者的肿瘤细胞为实验对象。

RA190与MG132实验组的早期与晚期凋亡率均高于对照组,RA190实验组的早期凋亡率高于MG132实验组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),这提示RA190与MG132均可促进HL60细胞凋亡,前者的作用效果优于后者。此时,两实验组ADRM1蛋白表达灰度值比低于对照组,说明RA190与MG132通过降低HL60细胞内ADRM1蛋白表达诱导癌细胞凋亡,这提示靶向ADRM1蛋白表达可应用于临床AML的治疗。本实验不足之处在于只用了1株细胞且未做药物对ADRM1过表达或沉默白血病细胞的作用效果比较,结果较缺乏说服力。

[參考文献]

[1]Zhao X,Chao Y,Chen P,et al.hRpnl3,a newly identified component of the 19S particle,regulates proliferation,differentiation,and function in the human osteoblast-like cell line MG63:role of hRpnl3 in osteoblasts[J].J Physiol Biochem,2012,68(1):129-139.

[2]Williams GH,Stoeber K.The cell cycle and cancer[J].J Pathol,2012,226(2):352-364.

[3]Jiang RT,Yemelyanova A,Xing D,et al.Early and consistent overexpression of ADRM1 in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma[J].J Ovarian Res,2017,10(1):53.

[4]Zheng X,Guo Y,Chen Y,et al.Knockdown of adhesion-regulating molecule 1 inhibits proliferation in HL60 cells[J].Acta Haematol,2015,134(2):88-100.

[5]Chen Y,Fu D,Xi J,et al.Expression and clinical significance of UCH37 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J].Dig Dis Sci,2012,57(9):2310-2317.

[6]郑晓辉,黄家福,徐淑娟,等.蛋白酶体抑制剂 MG132 对急性髓系白血病细胞增殖与凋亡的影响[J].中国药理学通报,2019,3(35):327-334.

[7]Chen H,Gao F,He M,et al.Long-read rna sequencing identifies alternative splice variants in hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor-specific isoforms[J].Hepatology,2019[Epub ahead of print]

[8]Lai YJ,Zhu BL,Sun F,et al.Estrogen receptor α promotes Cav1.2 ubiquitination and degradation in neuronal cells and in APP/PS1 mice[J].Aging Cell,2019,22:e12961.

[9]Llamas-González YY,Campos D,Pascale JM,et al.A functional ubiquitin-proteasome system is required for efficient replication of New World Mayaro and Una Alphaviruses[J].Viruses,2019,11(4):E370.

[10]Lee KH,Lee J,Woo J,et al.Proteasome inhibitor-induced IκB/NF-κB activation is mediated by Nrf2-dependent light chain 3B induction in lung cancer cells[J].Mol Cells,2018,41(12):1008-1015.

[11]Wang L,Howell MEA,Sparks-Wallace A,et al.p62-mediated selective autophagy endows virus-transformed cells with insusceptibility to DNA damage under oxidative stress[J].PLoS Pathog,2019,15(4):e1007541.

[12]Kim HN,Park GH,Park SB,et al.Extracts from Sageretia thea reduce cell viability through inducing cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation and HO-1 expression in human colorectal cancer cells[J].J Proteomics,201,10(192):334-345.

[13]Yan W,Li J,Zhang Y,et al.RNF8 is responsible for ATRA resistance in variant acute promyelocytic leukemia with GTF2I/RARA fusion,and inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway contributes to the reversion of ATRA resistance[J].Cancer Cell Int,2019,19:84

[14]Han L,Zhu B,Chen H,et al.Proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibits the process of renal interstitial fibrosis[J].Exp Ther Med,2019,17(4):2953-2962.

[15]Anchoori RK,Karanam B,Peng S,et al.A bis-benzylidine piperidone targeting proteasome ubiquitin receptor RPN13/ADRM1 as a therapy for cancer[J].Cancer Cell,2013,24:791-805.

[16]Lu X,Zhou C,Li R,et al.Long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 promoted tumor growth and invasion in cholangiocarcinoma[J].Cell Physiol Biochem,2017,42:222-230.

[17]Song Y,Park PMC,Wu L,et al.Development and preclinical validation of a novel covalent ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 degrader in multiple myeloma[J].Leukemia,2019[Epub ahead of print]

[18]Anchoori RK,Jiang R,Peng S,et al.Covalent Rpn13-binding inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer[J].ACS Omega,2018,3(9):11 917-11 929.

[19]Yu GY,Wang X,Zheng SS,et al.RA190,a proteasome subunit ADRM1 inhibitor,suppresses intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by inducing NF-κB-mediated cell apoptosis[J].Cell Physiol Biochem,2018,47(3):1152-1166.

[20]Lu X,Nowicka U,Sridharan V,et al.Structure of the Rpn13-Rpn2 complex provides insights for Rpn13 and Uch37 as anticancer targets[J].Nat Commun,2017,8:15 540.

(收稿日期:2019-04-24  本文編辑:许俊琴)

猜你喜欢
凋亡存活率
日本癌症10年平均存活率为57.2%,胰腺癌最低仅5.3%
普伐他汀对人胰腺癌细胞SW1990的影响及其协同吉西他滨的抑瘤作用
人工肝血浆置换对肝衰竭的治疗效果及影响因素的探究
右美托咪定混合氯胺酮对新生大鼠离体海马细胞凋亡的影响
Livin和Survivin在卵巢癌中的表达及相关性研究
雷帕霉素对K562细胞增殖和凋亡作用的影响
温度对克氏原螯虾苗种生长和存活的影响
人工扩繁异色瓢虫幼虫和蛹最适贮存条件研究