从一道高考题看插入语在高考中的运用

诸立忠

2005年高考福建卷有这样一道高考题:

——Is that the small town you often refer to?

——Right, just the one ____ you know I used to

work for years.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

分析:该题的正确答案为C。答句的意思为“对，就是你所知道的我曾在那儿工作多年的那个（小镇）。”，对此题进行分析，重点是能理解句子的结构，其中you know用作插入语，对我们解题具有一定的干扰作用，实际上这里的the one后面跟着一个定语从句，将you know这个插入语去掉不影响句意的表达，空格处用疑问副词在从句中作状语。

插入语是中学英语的重要语法内容，也是高考的考点之一。理解了插入语的用法可以帮助我们排除干扰，作出正确的选择。

插入语通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。在书写时插入语前后多半都用逗号与句子隔开。插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。

1. 一个陈述句或一般疑问句用作插入语。如：I am sure, I believe, I think, I know, do you know, do you think, I suppose, I hope, Im afraid, you see, it is said, whats more, that is to say, as we know, as I see, believe it or not等，特别地，在疑问句中插入do you know, do you think等时，应将疑问词放在句首，插入语后面的部分用陈述句语序。例如：

I believe, China will be sure to succeed in hosting the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 我确信，中国一定能成功主办2008年北京奥运会。

Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one.

有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说它们睡的不那么深沉。

Im sorry I cant go to the cinema with you because I have a lot of housework to do tonight. Whats more, Ill have to help my brother with his maths. 很抱歉，我今晚不能和你一起去看电影，因为我有许多家务要做，而且我也要帮弟弟学数学。

Which country do you think the Greens have traveled to for a holiday? 你认为格林一家曾去哪个国家度过假？

2.介词短语作插入语。此类介词短语有：of course, in fact, to ones surprise/joy/excitement/disappointment/regret/delight, in ones opinion, in brief， in general, in a word, in other words, in a few words, by the way, as a result, for example/instance, on the contrary, in short, as a matter of fact, in conclusion, on the other hand等。例如：

To their disappointment, their daughter failed in the exam this time again. 令他们失望的是，他们的女儿这次考试又没及格。

California is not in the east of the USA. On the contrary, its in the west of it. 加利福尼亚不在美国的东部，相反，它在美国的西部。

You cant wait any more—in other words, you should start at once.

你不能再等了，换言之，你得立即出发。

In history, when settlers moved into a place which belonged to other people, the native were often driven away. For example, Aborigines in Australia had to leave their land when the British arrived. 历史上，当殖民者到一个属于其它民族的地区时，当地人通常被赶走。例如：当英国人到来时，澳大利亚土著人不得不离开他们的家园。

3.形容词（短语）作插入语。常见的有most important of all, sure enough, true, wonderful, excellent, strange to say, worst still等。例如：

Wonderful, Shenzhou Ⅵ with two Chinese spacemen has succeeded in traveling into space. 太好了，装载着两名中国宇航员的神州六号已成功地进行了太空旅行。

True, it would be too late. 真的，太晚了。

Strange to say, her father hasnt known anything about what she has done up to now. 说也奇怪，她爸爸到现在还不知道她所做的事情。

Most important of all, we should make full use of our time now. Every minute counts, you know. 最重要的是，我们现在必须充分利用时间，要知道，分秒必争啊。

4.副词（短语）作插入语。常用的有though, luckily, indeed, surely, still, otherwise, certainly, however, generally, personally, honestly, fortunately, besides, exactly, perhaps, maybe, probably, frankly, for us, or rather等。例如：

Ive got a cold, its nothing much, though. 我感冒了，不过不严重。

Animals are our best friends on earth, however, many of them are being killed.

动物是我们地球上最好的朋友，然而，它们有很多正在被捕杀。

He reminded me of that. Ive otherwise forgotten that.

他提醒了我，不然我已经把它给忘了。

There was a fire in that tall building last night. Fortunately, everyone in it was able to escape at last.

昨晚那栋大楼发生了一场火灾，所幸的是所有的人都得以逃脱。

5. v-ing形式作插入语。能用作插入语的v-ing形式（短语）常见的有generally speaking, strictly speaking, judging from/by…, talking of…, considering…等。例如：

Generally speaking, the weather in the south of China is much hotter than that in the north of it in summer.

一般来说，在夏天中国南方的气候比北方热得多。

Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?

说到唱歌，你今晚愿意和我一块去音乐会吗？

Judging by his accent, we know he comes from the south.

从他的口音来判断，我们知道他是南方人。

6.不定式短语作插入语。能用作插入语的不定式短语有to tell you the truth, to be honest, to begin with, to be frank, to be sure, to make the matter worse, to sum up, to start with等。例如：

To tell you the truth, he hasnt told me anything about that at all.

跟你说实话，他根本就没有告诉过我那件事。

To be frank, I dont think thats a very good idea.

坦率地说，我认为那并不是一个好主意。

To sum up, whatever you meet with, never give up.

总而言之，无论你遇到什么事，都不能放弃。

7. 代词词组作插入语。此类代词词组有all the same, all told, all in all等。例如：

His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told.

他的船员减少到总共二十四人。

All in all, China has made great progress during the last twenty years. 总的来说，中国在过去的二十年中发生了巨大的变化。

[高考真题练习]

1. ____, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality.

(2005全国卷Ⅲ)

A. General speaking B. Speaking general

C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally

2. ——We havent heard from Jane for a long time.

——What do you suppose ____ to her? (MET91)

A. was happening B. to happen

C. has happened D. having happened

3. People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004全国卷Ⅲ)

A. After all B. As a result

C. In other words D. As usual

4. John plays football ____, if not better than, David.(NMET94)

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

5. My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.(2005江西卷)

A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise

6. ——Have you been to New Zealand?

——No, Id like to, ____.(2005山东)

A. too B. though C. yet D. either

7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET2000)

A. who B. which C. this D. what

8. Its so nice to hear from her again. ____, we last met more than

thirty years ago.(2005北京)

A. Whats more B. Thats to say

C. In other words D. Believe it or not

9. Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required

standard—____, you failed.(NMET99)

A. in the end B. after all

C. in other words D. at the same time

10. Id like to buy a house—modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood.(2004福建卷)

A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all

11. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily commu-

nication.(1999上海)

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

12. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, ____, she gets well paid for it.(2005浙江省)

A. sooner or later B. whats more

C. as a result D. more or less

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