李红艳
主谓语一致是中学英语语法的重要内容,也是高考的重要考点,其热点考查方式如下:
命题方式一:在主语后添加附加成分,如介词短语等构成的状语、定语、定语从句、同位语从句等,增加对主语中心语的判断难度。
此种考查方式是高考对主谓一致考查的最大热点,近年来大部分有关此语法点的高考题都有此特征。
例1: The father as well as his three children_____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (2006辽宁)
A. is goingB. go
C. goesD. are going
解析:答案为C。从语法讲解的角度来看,主语The father是单数概念,尽管后面跟有as well as his three children,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。every Sunday afternoon in winter暗示该空表示经常性、习惯性动作,因此应用一般现在时。从命题方式的角度看,此题学生易弄混淆主语为his three children而出错,在主语后添加his three children容易误导学生对主语的判断。主语后接“with ...”等构成的修饰成分时, 谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用词有with, along with, together with, as well as, but, besides, except, added to, including, like, no less than, rather than, more than等。
例2: The country life he was used to_____greatly since 1992. (2005山东)
A. changeB. has changed
C. changingD. have changed
解析:答案为B。主语The country是单数概念,谓语要用单数形式。此题在主语后添加了一个定语从句,就容易使学生误认为谓语动词为was used to,从而导致选C项,其实去掉定语从句he was used to,句子就很简单,也易得出答案。
例3: As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_____ rising these days. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)
A. was keepingB. keep
C. keepsD. were keeping
解析:答案为C。 the number of cars表示“小汽车的数目”,做主语时动词用单数形式,these days暗示该空表示现阶段的动作,因此应填keeps。对此题许多学生不清楚主语的中心语为the number而非cars,从而误选了答案。
解题方法总结:解答此类题目时,一定要先去掉这些附加成份,留下主语的主体。因为附加成分不是真正的主语,而是起着限定、说明、补充的作用,然后依据主语确定谓语的单复数形式。……