Ｕｎｉｔ１２词语辨析

clothing, clothes，dress

（1）clothing是“衣服”的总称，通常所指的衣、食、住、行中的“衣clothing”；clothes是各种服装的代称。试比较：

In winter children need warm clothing.冬天孩子们需要棉衣。

She often wears beautiful clothes(coats, dresses, shoes, hats, etc.).

她经常穿漂亮的衣服（外衣、裙子、鞋子、帽子等）。

（2）clothing总是单数形式，clothes总是复数形式。clothes可以用these, many等词修饰，作主语时，谓语用复数形式，但不能用数词修饰。

There are many new clothes on sale. 有许多新衣出售。

These clothes are new. 这些衣服是新的。

（3）clothes表示“衣服”与dress同义。clothes泛指衣服，是一个复数形式的名词，主要指衣着的各个部分，如上装、下装、鞋子、帽子等。dress是可数名词，一般指妇女和儿童服装。

He always wears dark clothes. 他总是穿深色的衣服。

What colour is Mrs. Greens dress? 格林夫人的衣服是什么颜色的？

near, nearby

（1）near与nearby都可用作形容词、副词和介词，nearby通常指空间上的接近。例如：

The helicopter landed nearby. 直升机在附近着陆。

I went fishing in the nearby river. 我在附近的河里钓鱼。

They live nearby the school. 他们住在学校附近。

nearby用作形容词时也可以后置。例如：

I went fishing in the river nearby. 我到附近的河里去钓鱼。

（2）near通常指时间、空间、年龄、程度等的“接近”，有比较级和最高级形式。例如：

My house is near the river. 我家离河很近。

A brother is a near relation. 兄弟是近亲。

Christmas is near. 圣诞节就要来临。

Can you tell me the nearest way to the station?

请告诉我到车站最近的路好吗？

（3）作副词用时，多用nearby，如要用near，其前通常要有修饰语。例如：

They live nearby. 他们住在附近。

They live quite near. 他们住得很近。

lovely, beautiful, pretty

这三个词都有“美”的意思。

（1）beautiful是常用语，意为“美丽的”、“美好的”，可指各种各样的美，如花鸟、风景、图画的美、也可指天气、曲调、衣服的美等。它形容人时，一般用来指女子长得美丽、好看、动人。

She has a beautiful voice. 她的声音很好听。

Rose is a very beautiful girl. 罗斯是一个十分漂亮的女孩。

What a beautiful day it is!多好的天气！

（2）pretty也是普通用语，意为“漂亮的”，“标致的”，程度不如beautiful。用来修饰人时，常指年轻的妇女和女孩，侧重指温柔的性格。表示活泼与甜美。也可修饰物，内含“小巧玲珑”之意。如：

How pretty the child looks in her new dress!

那孩子穿着新衣服显得多漂亮呀！

The garden is small but extremely pretty。花园虽小但很可爱。

（3）lovely指外貌的“美、可爱”，常用于表达说话人的赞赏和喜爱。

What a lovely wife you have!你有一个多么可爱的妻子啊！

Mother bought me a lovely radio to listen at school.

妈妈给我买了一个漂亮的收音机让我在学校收听。

the most, most, a most

（1）the most 的用法。

在“the most+形容词+名词”结构中,most是副词，表示程度，意为“最”，与其后的形容词一道构成形容词的最高级。

He is one of the most famous writers in China.

他是中国最著名的作家之一。

This is the most difficult (one) of the three. 这是这三者中最难的。

在“动词+the most”结构中，most也是副词，其作用和意思是“最”,其位置通常在动词后。the most有时用作名词。

They like English the most. 他们最喜欢英语。

This is the thing that troubles me the most.

这就是使我感到最烦恼的问题。

This is the most I can do. 这是我力所能及的。

（2）most通常有三种用法。

在“most+副词或形容词”结构中，most 是副词，意为“很，非常，十分”。

I shall most certainly go there. 我十分肯定会到那里去。

在“most+名词”结构中，most是形容词，意为“大部分的，大多数”或“最多的”。

Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。

Who has (the) most books among you? 你们中谁的书最多？

在“most+of+n.”中，most 意为“大部分”。

I was in Beijing most of the time. 我大部分时间在北京。

Most of his friends are away for the moment.

他的大多数朋友目前不在这里。

【特别提示】在“most+of+名词”这一结构中注意两点：

作主语时谓语动词的形式取决于该结构中的名词。most of 后的名词是特指，要有限定词(如，定冠词the,指示代词，物主代词等 )。

Most of the apples were bad. 这些苹果中大部分都坏了。

Most of the apple was bad. 这苹果坏了一大半。

Most of my story-books are very interesting.

我的大多数故事书都非常有趣。

（3）a most的用法。在“a most+形容词+名词”结构中，most是副词，意为“很，非常”（=very）,用来修饰它后面的形容词。

Guilin is a most beautiful city. 桂林是座非常美丽的城市。

This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。

think, think about, think of

（1）think可以用作及物动词，意为“想”、“认为”、“思考”。

I know what you are thinking. 我知道你在想什么。

The old woman thought he was a queue jumper.

老太太认为他是个排队夹塞的人。

Let me think a while before answering your question.

让我先想一想，再回答你的问题。

（2）think of与think about表示“考虑”，“对……有某种看法”的意思时，其用法相同，可以互换使用。两者是“动词+介词”构成的短语动词，介词of或about均不可出现在宾语之后。

We are thinking of/about going to Shanghai for our holidays.

我们正在考虑去上海度假。

What do you think of the film? 你认为那部影片怎么样？

（3）think about可以表示“回想”，着重说的是想的过程；think of可以表示“想起”，“记起”，“想着”。

I often thought about what you said last time I saw you.

我常回想上次见到你时你说的话。

I cant think of his name. 我记不起他的名字了。

I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

我正想着这件事的时候，听到有人叫我的名字。

in, on, to

介词in, on, to都可与表示方向的名词east, west, north, south等连用。

（1）in表示某个特定区域内的某个方向。例如：

Hebei is in the south of China. 河北在中国的北部。

Cangzhou is in the east of Hebei. 沧州在河北东部。

（2）on 则表示界外，但相连（接壤）的某个方向。例如：

Japan is on the east of Korea. 日本在朝鲜东部。

Korea is on (to) the east of China. 朝鲜位于中国的东部。

to“不在……内”

（3）表示某地在某一特定区域外，但两地不相连的某一方位时，用介词to。例如：

Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。

Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai. 南京在上海的西部。

我们可用三幅图分别表述上面的三种情况。

练习：根据句意用所给词语的适当形式完成句子。

1. clothing, clothes, dress

① The woman wears a simple（朴素）____.

② She often helps her mother to wash ____.

③ It is necessary for everyone to have food, ____ and shelter（住）.

④ How much is a new evening ____？

⑤ The ____ line is behind the house.

2. near, nearby

① New Years Day is drawing ____.

② He is getting ____ retiring age.

③ They often worked in the villages ____.

④ My aunt lives very ____.

⑤ He is a ____ friend of ours.

⑥ Theres a school ____ the station.

3. beautiful, pretty, lovely

① His wife loves ____ music.

② She is not really ____, but she looks ____ when she smiles.

③ We had a ____ time yesterday.

④ Hangzhou is famous for its ____ West Lake.

⑤ I have a ____ family.

4. the most, most, a most

① This is ____ instructive lesson weve learnt.

② Children in China live ____ happy life.

③ Mike draws ____ slowly of the three.

④ They have been ____ kind to me.

5. think, think of, think about

① How did you ____ such a wonderful idea?

② Well ____ your suggestion and give you our answer tomorrow.

③ We dont ____ it too difficult to master a foreign language.

④ She is a good worker. She is always ____ others.

⑤ He told us to try and ____ in English.

6. in, on, to

① Shanghai is ____ the east of China.

② Nanjing is ____ the west of Shanghai.

③ Italy is ____ the south of Europe.

④ Guangdong is ____ the south of Hunan.

⑤ Shandong is ____ the north of Jiangsu.

Keys:

1.①dress ②clothes ③clothing ④dress ⑤clothes

2.①near ②near ③nearby ④near ⑤near ⑥near/nearby

3.①beautiful ②beautiful; pretty ③ lovely ④beautiful ⑤lovely

4.①the most ②the most ③most ④the most

5.①think of/about ②think of ③think ④thinking of ⑤think

6.①in ②to ③in ④on ⑤on