突破“虚拟语气”

涂文超

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

下面重点谈谈虚拟语气在条件句中的用法，虚拟语气条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示假设。

具体情况如下：

1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况

例如 : If I were you, Id get there earlier. 如果我是你，我就早一点到那儿。（事实是：我不是你，因此我没有早到那儿。）

2． 表示与过去事实相反的情况

例如: If you had worked hard, you wouldnt have failed the exam. 如果你早用功，就不至于考试不及格了。（事实是:你早没用功,所以考试失败了。）

3. 表示与将来事实相反的情况

例如: If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 如果明天下雨，我们的野餐就推迟。(事实是：最近天气很好，下雨的可能性不大。)

注意：用虚拟语气表示条件的条件从句, 可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，但所表达的意义侧重点不同。主句在前时，强调 “结果”；从句在前时，强调 “条件”。

【巩固练习】

Ⅰ. 单项选择。

( )１. If I were you, I ______ try my best.

A. would B. shallC. hadD. will

( )2. If I ______ ten years younger, I ______ very happy.

A. am; shall be B. were; would be

C. were; shall be D. am; would be

( )3. If I ______to the moon, I would bring something unusual back to the earth.

A. go B. goes C. went D. will go

() 4. If Jane ______here now, she would explain to us how to do it.

A. be B. is C. was D. were

() 5. —You can ask your brother for help.

—He is not at home. If he ______, I ______.

A. is; would B. is; will

C. were; would D. were; will

Ⅱ. 用动词的正确形式填空。

6. If I ______ ( be ) a teacher, I would not be so strict with my students.

7. If I ______ (have) time, I would come to help you.

8. If she were not so busy, she ______ (come) here with me.

Keys: 1~5 ABCDC6. were 7. had8. would come