济宁市城区２００６～２００８年麻疹流行特征分析

时忠明　段世彬

[摘要] 目的 通过对济宁市城区近几年来麻疹发病情况进行分析,掌握城区麻疹流行病学特征和发病规律,为制定和调整麻疹的防制措施提供科学依据。方法 对2006～2008年麻疹发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2006～2008年麻疹发病327例。2006年麻疹发病率有所升高,2007年转低,2008年又大幅度上升,分别为4.76/10万、0.95/10万、72.14/10万。发病呈春季单一高峰,主要分布在每年3～5月份,占全部病例的61.77%。发病人群主要集中在学龄前儿童和18岁以上成年人,分别占病例总数的49.24%和37.61%,其中<8月龄的婴幼儿病例数占全部病例的16.21%。发病年龄上呈现“双相移位”,流动人口病例占50.46%。病例中有麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史的占11.31%,无免疫史(不含<8月龄婴幼儿,不足以接种年龄)占18.96%,免疫史不详的占53.52%。结论 应扎实做好儿童免疫规划基础工作,重点抓好流动人口的管理和接种,同时建议调整麻疹疫苗的免疫程序,建立新的成人免疫规划体系,建立牢固的人群免疫屏障,预防和控制麻疹流行。

[关键词] 麻疹; 流行特征

[中图分类号] R511.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2009)23-122-03

The Analysis on the Epidemiologic Features of the Measles in Jining City from the Year 2006 to 2008

SHI Zhongming DUAN Shibin

Diseases Control Center of Jining Central District,Jining Shandong 272035,China

[Abstract] ObjectiveTo disclose the epidemiologic features of the measles and also the common rules of this disease in the hope of offering scientific evidence for some countermeasures against it Based on the analysis on development of the measles in Jining City in recent years,the paper tries. MethodsThe epidemiologic features of the measles that occurred from the year 2006 to 2008 were described and analyzed. ResultsThere are 327 cases in all during this period. In 2006,the rate of incidence of this disease increased relatively with the proportion of 4.76 to 100,000. It met its decrease in 2007. The proportion of this year is 0.95 to 100,000. However the rate of incidence increased sharply in 2008 with the proportion of 72.14 to 100,000. The incidence of the measles met its climax in the season of spring,in which March,April,and May are the time when measles are developed most often. The cases in these three months have taken up 61.77 percent of the whole year. The preschool children and the adult over18 are easy to get this illness. The former has occupied 49.24 percent of all the cases,with the latter 37.61 percent. Among the children who develop this disease,the babies,aged no more 8 months,are the easiest to be attacked with 16.21percent. The cases of the floating population have covered 50.46 percent. In all the cases,the ones have received MV immunity takes up 11.31 percent while those who have no MV immunity take up 18.96 percent,excluding the babies of no more than 8 months,and the one who doesnt reach the age for vaccination. Those whose vaccination is not clear cover 53.52 percent. ConclusionThe fundamental work for childrens vaccination should draw great attention. Floating population are also the part who should be stressed. Meanwhile the immunity procedure for MV ought to be adjusted so as to establish a new system of the adults immunity and a stable protection system to avoid measless prevalence.

[Key Words]Measles; Epidemiologic features

麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,严重威胁儿童的身体健康。为了解济宁市城区麻疹的流行病学特征,进一步探讨麻疹发病流行因素,为制定科学的麻疹防控措施提供依据。现将2006～2008年麻疹发病情况分析如下。

1 材料和方法

1.1 资料来源

麻疹发病资料来自1998～2008年济宁市中区、任城区法定传染病报告系统和两区2006～2008年麻疹监测专报系统和流行病学个案调查,暴发疫情调查资料;人口资料来自济宁市统计局。

1.2 方法