胡冰霜 杨若一
摘要:组胺可以诱导过敏;而组胺受体拮抗剂可以对抗过敏;组胺和组胺受体拮抗剂都是活跃的神经递质。春天是过敏“花粉热”的季节,也是精神分裂症的发作季节;因此,关于精神分裂症的病因曾有过经典的“大脑过敏”学说。某些组胺受体拮抗剂有抗过敏与抗精神病的交叉活性。很多典型的和非典型的抗精神病药也有组胺受体拮抗作用与抗过敏的作用。本文综述了组胺、组胺受体拮抗剂与精神分裂症的关系,以及免疫问题和其他相关问题。
关键词:组胺组胺受体拮抗剂精神分裂症过敏免疫
Histamine,histaminereceptorantagonistsandschizophrenia
Hu Bingshuang1, Yang Ruoyi2
(1 Research Institute of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064
2 Sichuan Tianlu Research Center for Nature and Ecology, Chengdu, 610041)
Abstract:Histamine inducesallergy; histamines receptor antagonists reduce allergy, both also areactive neurotransmitters.Spring is allergic “hay fever” season, also the season when schizophrenia attacks more; therefore, for the cause of schizophrenia there was a classictheoryof“cerebral allergy”. Some of the histamine receptor antagonistshave the cross activities of anti-allergy and anti-psychotics; many typical and untypical antipsychotics also have histamine receptors antagonists effects as well as anti-allergic effects.Relationship amonghistamine、antihistamine and schizophrenia,immunologyas well as someother related issues are reviewed.
Key wards: histamine,histamine receptor antagonists, schizophrenia,allergy, immunology
1组胺
组胺Histamine,氨乙基-咪唑,是一种自体活性物质,在体内由组氨酸脱羧基而成, 1907年首次由Windaus等合成。组胺在外周有血管扩张、血压下降、支气管痉挛、胃酸分泌、皮肤过敏等作用。组胺在神经系统也起着重要的作用,如:调节神经内分泌、饮水、摄食、体温、学习、记忆、觉醒、睡眠、运动及攻击行为等等。
哺乳类中枢神经系统组胺能神经元主要分布于下丘脑后部的结节乳头核,其神经纤维广泛分布至各脑区, 以下丘脑、内侧隔核及斜角带密度最大;大脑皮质、基底节及杏仁体次之;在嗅球、海马、尾核、壳核、脑干、小脑、脊髓以及垂体后叶等也有分布[1]。
组胺能神经元释放组胺,组胺进入突触后,主要是由组胺N -甲基转移酶分解,其他一些酶,如B型单胺氧化酶MAO - B和乙醛脱氢酶2ALDH2也有作用。
动物实验发现了组胺可以维持觉醒:如果毁损组胺神经元,或抑制组胺的合成则会导致动物无法保持觉醒。……